Prognostic impact of atrial cardiomyopathy: Long-term follow-up of patients with and without low-voltage areas following atrial fibrillation ablation

Abstract

BackgroundAtrial cardiomyopathy is known as an underlying pathophysiological factor in the majority of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Left atrial low-voltage areas (LVAs) are reported to coincide with fibrosis and likely represent atrial cardiomyopathy. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to delineate differences in the long-term prognosis of patients stratified by the size of LVAs. MethodsThis observational study included 1488 consecutive patients undergoing initial ablation for AF. LVAs were defined as regions with a bipolar peak-to-peak voltage <0.50 mV. The total study population was divided into 3 groups stratified by LVA size: patients with no LVAs (n = 1136); those with small (<20 cm2) LVAs (n = 250) LVAs; and those with extensive (≥20 cm2) LVAs (n = 102). Composite endpoints of death, heart failure, and stroke were followed for up to 5 years. ResultsComposite endpoints developed in 105 of 1488 patients (7.1%), and AF recurrence occurred in 410 (27.6%). Composite endpoints developed more frequently in the order of patients with extensive LVAs (19.1%), small LVAs (10.8%), and no LVAs (5.1%) (P for trend <.0001). Multivariable analysis revealed that LVA presence was independently associated with higher incidence of composite endpoints, irrespective of AF recurrence (modified hazard ratio 1.73; 95% confidence interval 1.13–2.64; P = .011) ConclusionLVA presence and its extent both were associated with poor long-term composite endpoints of death, heart failure, and stroke, irrespective of AF recurrence or other confounders. Underlying atrial cardiomyopathy seems to define a poor prognosis after AF ablation.