Abstract
Background: Liver is a common metastatic organ for most malignancies, especially the pancreas. However, evidence for prognostic factors of pancreatic cancer metastasis to the liver at different ages is lacking. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the predictors of patients with pancreatic cancer metastasis to liver grouped by age of diagnosis. Methods: We chose the patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 from the SEER database. The primary lesions of metastatic liver cancer between sexes were compared using the Pearson’s chi-square test for categorical variables. The overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were the endpoint of the study. The prognostic factors were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and Cox proportional-hazards regression model. Results: The main primary sites of metastatic liver cancer for our patients are lung and brunchu, sigmoid colon, pancreas, which in males are lung and bronchu, sigmoid colon and pancreas, while breast, lung and bronchu, sigmoid colon in females. Furthermore, we explored the prognostic factors of pancreatic cancer metastasis to liver grouped by age at diagnosis. Tumor grade, histology and treatment are valid prognostic factors in all age groups. Additionally, gender and AJCC N stage in age<52 years old, while race and AJCC N stage in age >69 years old were predictors. Surgery alone was the optimal treatment in group age>69 years old, whereas surgery combined with chemotherapy was the best option in the other groups. Conclusion: Our study evaluated the predictors of patients with pancreatic cancer metastasis to liver at various ages of diagnosis.
Highlights
The liver is the most frequently afflicted metastatic organ second to the lymph nodes for most malignancies (Jaques et al, 1995; Hess et al, 2006; Amankwah et al, 2013; Ryu et al, 2013)
We explored the prognostic factors of pancreatic cancer metastasis to liver grouped by age at diagnosis
Surgery alone was the optimal treatment in group age>69 years old, whereas surgery combined with chemotherapy was the best option in the other groups
Summary
The liver is the most frequently afflicted metastatic organ second to the lymph nodes for most malignancies (Jaques et al, 1995; Hess et al, 2006; Amankwah et al, 2013; Ryu et al, 2013). Race, tumor size, grade, lymph node metastasis (Mayo et al, 2012), AJCC stage (Kamarajah et al, 2017) and treatment (Ansari et al, 2019) are reported associated with the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Evidence for prognostic factors in pancreatic cancer with distant metastasis is rare. The objective of this study is to determine the differences in primary sites of metastatic liver cancer between males and females. We evaluated the prognostic risk factors of pancreatic cancer metastasis to liver at different ages of diagnosis through the Cox regression model. Evidence for prognostic factors of pancreatic cancer metastasis to the liver at different ages is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the predictors of patients with pancreatic cancer metastasis to liver grouped by age of diagnosis
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