Prognostic factors in patients with brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer treated with whole-brain radiotherapy.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastasis who received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). This study included 264 consecutive NSCLC patients with brain metastasis who received WBRT. Patients with leptomeningeal metastasis and those who underwent craniotomy or stereotactic radiotherapy before WBRT were excluded. The evaluated prognostic factors for OS included gender, neurological deficit, histology, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status, previous cytotoxic chemotherapy, previous EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class, and diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA) score. All factors with a P < 0.05 in univariate analysis were entered into multivariate analysis using Cox regression and a confidence interval of 99%. Two hundred thirty patients had died, 14 patients were alive, and 20 patients were lost to follow-up. The median follow-up time was 20.9 months. The median survival time was 5.5 months (95% confidence interval; 4.8-6.3). Univariate analysis showed that gender, neurological deficit, histology, EGFR mutation status, RPA class, and DS-GPA score were significant prognostic factors for OS. In multivariate analysis, RPA class and histology were found to be significant prognostic factors for OS, with P values of 0.0039 and 0.0014, respectively. RPA Class I or II (Karnofsky Performance Status ≥70) and adenocarcinoma histology were associated with longer OS. These factors should be taken into account when considering indication for WBRT.