Prognostic factors in elective aortic reconstructive surgery.

Abstract

The present study was carried out to determine the risk factors associated with peri-operative mortality and long-term survival in patients undergoing abdominal aortic reconstructive surgery (ARS). A retrospective review was performed of the case notes of all patients having ARS at a university teaching hospital during a 5.5-year period, and their details entered onto a pro forma. A total of 252 patients underwent ARS between July 1989 and December 1994. The peri-operative mortality was 7.5%. The most frequent adverse events were cardiac events, accounting for 8 (42%) of the peri-operative deaths. The risk of a peri-operative cerebrovascular accident was low (n = 3, 1.2%) as was the risk of peri-operative renal failure requiring dialysis (n = 3, 1.2%). Factors independently linked to increased peri-operative mortality included moderate-to-severe hypertension (P = 0.05, odds ratio = 3.54), those with renal impairment (P = 0.05, odds ratio = 2.69), and blood transfusion requirements (P < 0.001, odds ratio = 1.26). Long-term survival was independently shortened by occlusive disease (P = 0.004, hazard ratio = 2.78) and ischaemic heart disease (P < 0.001, hazard ratio = 3.58). The risks of ARS were significantly increased in patients with severe hypertension, those with renal impairment and those requiring blood transfusion. Long-term survival was shortened for those patients with occlusive aortic disease and ischaemic heart disease. These risk factors should be carefully assessed in each patient before performing elective ARS.