Prognostic Factors for Relapse and Pelvic Lymph Node Metastases in Early Stage I Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix

Abstract

Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of local tumor factors in predicting lymph node metastases and/or recurrence in early adenocarcinoma of the cervix.Methods. Patients were selected from the prospective computerized cervical cancer database of the division of gynecologic oncology. All patients had radical surgery and pelvic lymph node dissection. The study population consisted of all patients with stage I adenocarcinoma having tumor thickness <10 mm. Pathology was re-reviewed to assess histological subtype, depth, volume, grade, and presence of capillary lymphatic space involvement.Results. The study group consisted of 68 patients, with a mean age of 40 years. The median follow-up was 40 months (range 8–102 months). The median tumor depth and volume were 2.8 mm (range 0.3–8.0 mm) and 237 mm3 (range 0.1–7996 mm3), respectively. Twenty-two patients had tumor volumes greater than 600 mm3, and of these, 5 (23%) patients either had positive pelvic lymph nodes (2) or developed recurrent disease (3) (none node positive) at a median time of 49 months. In comparison, 46 patients (68%) had tumor volumes of less than 600 mm3, none of whom had positive pelvic lymph nodes or developed recurrence (P < 0.005). Only 1 of 20 patients with a depth of invasion <2 mm had a tumor volume >600 mm3 in comparison to 21 of 48 patients with deeper invasion (P < 0.002).Conclusion. The incidence of positive pelvic lymph nodes and/or recurrence in this patient population is very low. As all patients with metastatic disease or recurrence had tumor volumes >600 mm3, volume of disease rather than depth of invasion may be the single most important prognostic factor for the above events. However, many more patients will have to be studied to confirm this.