Prognosis of primary breast salivary gland-type carcinoma: a propensity score-matching analysis with invasive carcinoma of no special type based on the SEER database for years 2010-2020.

Abstract

Primary breast salivary gland-type carcinoma has weak evidence to support its management due to its rare occurrence and limited data regarding its clinicopathological features and prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess clinicopathological features and prognosis for this type of carcinoma diagnosed over the past decade and compared those to the common breast invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST). This study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to extract data regarding primary breast salivary gland-type carcinoma. Using a propensity score-matching approach, the prognosis was compared with invasive carcinoma, NST. This study included 488 cases of salivary gland-type carcinoma and 375,660 cases of invasive carcinoma, NST, giving an occurrence ratio of 1 to 770. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (81%) formed the majority of salivary gland-type carcinoma, followed by secretory carcinoma (13%). For salivary gland-type carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma histological type, tumor grade 3, HER2-overexpressed status, and higher AJCC stage groups were significant worse prognostic factors for breast cancer-specific survival in univariate analyses (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, tumor grade 3 and higher AJCC stage groups remained as significant independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). The apparent better breast cancer-specific survival of salivary gland-type carcinoma as compared to that of invasive carcinoma, NST, was diminished following adjustment for differences in baseline clinicopathological features and treatment-related variables. This study suggests that when managing primary breast salivary gland-type carcinoma, greater emphasis should be given to the tumor grade and AJCC stage group in addition to acinic cell carcinoma histological type and HER2 overexpression. Conventional prognostic factors are important as salivary gland-type carcinoma had similar prognosis as invasive carcinoma, NST, following adjustment for confounding variables.