Abstract
Introduction: Metastases to the penis are rare, but can have severe consequences. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature in order to gain more information on the presentation and prognosis of this metastatic disease.We reviewed the literature relating to all case reports, series and reviews about penile metastasis, from 2003 to 2013, through a Medline search. We identified 63 articles and 69 patients.Metastases were located on the root (38.8%), the shaft (38.8%) or the glans (22.2%) of the penis. The diagnosis of penile metastasis was made after the primary cancer had been diagnosed. The most common presentation was a single small penile nodule. Ten patients reported priapism. The median survival time after diagnosis of penile metastasis was 10 months (range 6-18 months). A Kaplan-Meier analysis has shown that the patients presenting with priapism and those with metastases from non-urologic tumors have a significantly worse prognosis (age adjusted Log Rank: p=0.037 for priapism vs. no priapism and p=0.045 for urologic vs. non urologic).There are prognostic differences based on the presentation of penile metastases. Survival is substantial and treatment should therefore take into account symptoms improvement and quality of life.
Highlights
Metastases to the penis are rare, but can have severe consequences
We reviewed the literature relating to all case reports, series and reviews about penile metastasis, from 2003 to 2013, through a Medline search
The diagnosis of penile metastasis was made after the primary cancer had been diagnosed
Summary
Metastases to the penis are rare, but can have severe consequences. We reviewed the literature relating to all case reports, series and reviews about penile metastasis, from 2003 to 2013, through a Medline search. A Kaplan-Meier analysis has shown that the patients presenting with priapism and those with metastases from non-urologic tumors have a significantly worse prognosis (age adjusted Log Rank: p=0.037 for priapism vs no priapism and p=0.045 for urologic vs non urologic). Penile metastasis is relatively rare, its management presents a challenging problem. The most common primary malignancies with penile metastases are urogenital cancers (69%) followed by cancers from gastrointestinal origin (19%) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. It has been suggested that the occurrence of priapism as a consequence of www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget malignancy may be a prognostic factor to take into account [2, 3, 5, 10, 12]
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