Prognosis of FLT3, NPM1, DNMT3A and IDH mutations in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of heterogeneous malignant diseases in hematological system, with significant differences in morphology, immunology, genetics, molecular biology and clinical manifestations. Cytogenetics detection has become one of the main bases for the accurate diagnosis, treatment options and prognosis judgement of AML. However, the high heterogeneity at the molecular level leads to low detection rate by conventional cytogenetics detection technology. Clonal chromosome aberrations in 40 %-50 % of patients with AML could not be detected by using standard chromosomal banding, which might be called normal karyotype AML (NK-AML). The common molecular genetic changes in non-M3 AML includes FLT3, NPM1, DNMT3A and IDH mutations. This paper mainly reviews the characteristics of the above four genes, pathogenesis and prognosis of non-M3 AML. Key words: Leukemia, myeloid, acute; Gene, FLT3; Gene, NPM1; Gene, DNMT3A; Gene, IDH