Prognosis of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes

M S Brunda ,Harshadayani Jagadish Kumar Harshadayani Jagadish Kumar,Samriddha Thapa Samriddha Thapa,Spandana Peddareddy Spandana Peddareddy,Arushi Moha ,Mahesh Dm ,Gr Lingeshwaran

doi:10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.1.0495

M S Brunda , Harshadayani Jagadish Kumar Harshadayani Jagadish Kumar + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.1.0495

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Abstract

Background: The pandemic of COVID-19, a disease caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent data showed that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most prevalent comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, data indicate that hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are important risk factors for progression and unfavourable outcome in COVID-19 patients. Poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with severe progression of disease. Hence, large studies with comprehensive analysis of all risk factors and longer follow-up are necessary. Methods and analysis: A single-centre retrospective cross-sectional study of 300 patients that were SARS-CoV-2 positive from May to October 2020 was done. Data was entered into Microsoft excel data sheet and was analysed using SPSS 22 version software. Chi-square test or Fischer’s exact test (for 2x2 tables only) was used as test of significance for qualitative data. Independent t test was used as test of significance to identify the mean difference between two quantitative variables. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used as test of significance to identify the mean difference between more than two quantitative variables. P value (Probability that the result is true) of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant after assuming all the rules of statistical tests. Data collected was analyzed in a group of patients who were sub divided into 2 groups diabetics and Non diabetics. The parameters studied included laboratory markers: D dimer, CRP, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Ferritin levels. To assess the glycemic control HbA1C levels were assessed. The outcome parameters considered were Oxygen requirement, assessing the requirement of intensive care and duration of stay in the hospital Conclusion: The patients with higher HbA1c values were found to have higher CRP and D-dimer values and required ICU shift and prolonged hospital stay. Hence, good control of diabetes will reduce the worsening of disease. In a country like India, where most of the population do not have health insurance cover proper control of diabetes, can reduce the burden on family. Hence, large studies with comprehensive analysis of all risk factors and longer follow-up are necessary.

Highlights

A cluster of pneumonia cases of unclear etiology originated in WUHAN city, Hubei province, China, in late December 2019 known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) has become a pandemic [1].The COVID-19 outbreak has led to unprecedented global health crisis, testing health systems preparedness and ability to cope with pandemic response
The pandemic of COVID-19, a disease caused by novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality
Recent data showed that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most prevalent comorbidities in COVID-19 patients

Summary

Introduction

A cluster of pneumonia cases of unclear etiology originated in WUHAN city, Hubei province, China, in late December 2019 known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) has become a pandemic [1].The COVID-19 outbreak has led to unprecedented global health crisis, testing health systems preparedness and ability to cope with pandemic response. A cluster of pneumonia cases of unclear etiology originated in WUHAN city, Hubei province, China, in late December 2019 known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) has become a pandemic [1]. COVID-19 has a higher transmission rate and greater risk of mortality in comparison to influenza [3]. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contacts [4]. The pandemic of COVID-19, a disease caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent data showed that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most prevalent comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. Data indicate that hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are important risk factors for progression and unfavourable outcome in COVID-19 patients. Large studies with comprehensive analysis of all risk factors and longer follow-up are necessary

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