Abstract
The study aims to assess the effect of small scale irrigation adoption to farmers in Nasho sector, Kirehe District in Rwanda. The average yield was 12,309.73 Kg/2.62 ha or 4698.73 Kg/ha for adopters with the mean difference between adopters and non adopters ranged from 2819.63 Kg to 4766.59 Kg per unit area of production. For food security status, the average mean quantity of maize consumed at home level was 615.54 Kg with the mean difference ranged from 377.29 Kg to 474.68 Kg. For market participation, the average treatment effect of the treated (ATT) of quantity of maize sold was 11,694.24 Kg while the mean difference ranged from 7165.98 Kg to 9015.60 Kg. The Average Treatment Effect of the Treated market price was 213 Frws/Kg while the mean difference ranged from 44.51 Frws/Kg to 48.3053 Frws/Kg. The Average Treatment Effect of the Treated of farmer’s revenues for the users was 938,772 Frws/ha, however, the mean difference between adopters and non adopters ranged from 1,732,942 Frws to 2,007,039 Frws. The Average Treatment Effect of the Treated of farmer’s net farm income was 1,066,393 Frws while mean difference between users and non users ranged from 803,967 Frws to 854,141 Frws. For profitability analysis, the cost benefit ratio (CBR) was taken into account. The total benefit per unit area was 2,434,509 Frws and total average mean cost of 1,382,313 Frws and CBR = 1.761 > 1. The findings of this study will help the policy makers for deeper sector planning and also, it will facilitate other stakeholders to invest in irrigation technology to improve the livelihoods of Rwandan farmers and other surroundings.
Highlights
Irrigated agriculture in Africa is under renewed attention in relation to food security and poverty reduction [1]
Econometric data analysis is clearly applied to estimate the effect of small scale irrigation technology (SSIT) adoption in Rwanda using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) through Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) three estimation algorithms Nearest Neighbour Matching (NNM), Kernel Matching (KM) and Radius Matching (RM) algorithms
We directed our survey on the household level both for adopters and non adopters of small scale Irrigation technology adoption, such that all the income generated from the maize crop farms in a household were summed up as main gross crop income generator
Summary
Irrigated agriculture in Africa is under renewed attention in relation to food security and poverty reduction [1]. It is widely acknowledged to play a major role in improving productivity, reducing poverty and sustaining rural livelihoods. Irrigation contributes to agricultural growth and reduces poverty directly through permitting intensification and diversification, increased outputs and incomes; increasing agricultural wage employment; and reducing local food prices. Irrigation has contributed significantly to poverty alleviation, food security, and improving the quality of life for rural populations [3]. The sustainability of irrigated agriculture is being questioned, both economically and environmentally. Inadequate attention to factors other than the technical engineering and projected economic implications of large-scale irrigation or drainage schemes in Africa has frequently led to great difficulties. Major capital intensive water engineering schemes have been proposed without a proper evaluation of their environmental impact and without realistic assessments of the true costs and benefits that are likely to result [5] [6]
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