Abstract
Backgroundγ-rays are high-energy radiation that cause a range of random injuries to plant cells. Most studies on this issue have focused on γ-ray-induced nucleotide damage and the production of reactive oxygen species in cells, so little is known about the glycerolipid metabolism during γ-rays induced membrane injury. Using an ESI-MS/MS-based lipidomic method, we analysed the lipidome changes in wild-type and phospholipase D (PLD)δ- and α1-deficient Arabidopsis after γ-ray treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PLD-mediated glycerolipid metabolism in γ-ray-induced membrane injury.ResultsThe ion leakage of Arabidopsis leaves after 2885-Gy γ-ray treatment was less than 10%. High does γ-ray treatment could induce the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of PLDα1 caused severe lipid degradation under γ-ray treatment. γ-ray-induced glycerolipid degradation mostly happened in chloroplastidic lipids, rather than extraplastidic ones. The levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lysoPE) were maintained in the WS ecotypes during γ-ray treatments, while increased significantly in the Col ecotype treated with 1100 Gy. After 210- and 1100-Gy γ-ray treatments, the level of lysophosphatidylglycerol (lysoPG) decreased significantly in the four genotypes of Arabidopsis.Conclusionsγ-ray-induced membrane injury may occur via an indirect mechanism. The degradation of distinct lipids is not synchronous, and that interconversions among lipids can occur. During γ-ray-induced membrane injury, the degradation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) may be mediated by PLDζ1 or phospholipase A1. The degradation of phosphatidylglycerol was not mediated by PLA, PLDδ or PLDα1, but by phospholipase C or other PLDs. γ-rays can decrease the double-bond index and increase the acyl chain length in membrane lipids, which may make membranes more rigid and further cause injury in membranes.
Highlights
Gamma irradiation (γ-rays) from 60Co involves exposure to high-energy photons and is widely used to induce mutations in crops and flowers [1,2,3]
The level of galactolipids and the degree of unsaturation were found to decline in the alpine plant Meconopsis racemosa after its introduction to a lowland region [18], Zheng and Li BMC Plant Biology (2017) 17:203 and abscisic acid (ABA)-promoted leaf senescence in Arabidopsis was shown to be retarded by attenuating lipid degradation [19]
Using an lipidomic analysis based on electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) [31], we investigated the changes of membrane glycerolipid profiles after these different γray treatments
Summary
Gamma irradiation (γ-rays) from 60Co involves exposure to high-energy photons and is widely used to induce mutations in crops and flowers [1,2,3]. Γ-rays can directly induce DNA damage and influence genome structure due to their high energy [8, 9]. They can induce the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which indirectly disturb the physiological and biochemical properties of cells and have deleterious effects on the plant [10,11,12,13]. Glycerolipids are the main constituents of membranes; adjustments of the composition, unsaturation and acyl chain length, enables plant to keep the integrity and fluidity of their membranes under environmental stresses [14,15,16]. Little is known about how membrane glycerolipids respond to γ-rays
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