Abstract
A novel clonal variety of Vitis vinifera was identified from “Chardonnay” using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and called “bud mutation. ” The metabolomic profiles in Chardonnay and bud mutation berries indicated essential differences in the expression of key genes in the pathways of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) and lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase (LOX-HPL). Bud mutation fruits also matured 10 days earlier than Chardonnay and have higher carotenoid, sugar, and acidic compound contents. Furthermore, the gene expression was examined in the biosynthetic pathways of two ripening-associated hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA), which significantly increased in bud mutation compared with the Chardonnay fruit. The synthesis and metabolism of amino acids, terpenes, fatty acids, volatile components, and specialized metabolites significantly increased in bud mutation. Therefore, in comparison with Chardonnay, bud mutation is considered a highly aroma-producing grape variety for an improvement in the beverage industry.
Highlights
Grapes contain a variety of highly nutritive compounds, namely, sugars, organic acids, vitamins, amino acids, and crude fiber
To identify the similarity in the genetic backgrounds of Chardonnay and bud mutation, 38 primer pairs were used as inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to assay genetic polymorphisms by PCR
The results showed that the alleles of both grapes were identical, indicating that the genetic backgrounds of “Chardonnay” and “bud mutation” were very similar
Summary
Grapes contain a variety of highly nutritive compounds, namely, sugars, organic acids, vitamins, amino acids, and crude fiber. In addition to these conventional nutrients, grapes are rich in resveratrol and polyphenols [1]. Terpenoid metabolism is the main pathway of plant characteristic aroma synthesis [6]. More than 70 kinds of terpenes have been identified in grapes, mostly monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes [7]. The mevalonate (MVA) pathway is mainly used to synthesize sesquiterpene and triterpene aroma components, while the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway is mainly used to synthesize monoterpenes, tetraterpenes, and diterpenes. MVA pathway synthesis products can enter plastids to form monoterpenes and diterpenes [8].
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