Abstract
Low social capital has been reported to be associated with depression in adolescents. In general, adolescents with immigrant backgrounds lack social capital. By employing a latent profile analysis (LPA) for the specification of social capital among multicultural adolescents, depression interventions can be explored through the framework of social capital. The purpose of this study was to identify distinct latent profiles of social capital and explore the depressive symptoms of multicultural adolescents in those profiles. Data of 1,244 adolescents from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Survey (MAPS) were used, which was conducted for 3rd-year middle school students in 2016. An LPA was used to identify profiles by different social capital classes and Quade's non-parametric ANCOVA was used to confirm the differences in depressive symptoms between profiles. Latent profile analysis indicated four classes. Analysis revealed that there were differences in the level of depressive symptoms according to the social capital sub-profiles (F = 44.42, p < 0.001). Class 1 had the lowest level of depressive symptoms (13.91 ± 4.43) and Class 4 had the highest level (18.07 ± 5.25). The depressive symptoms scores of Classes 2 and 3 were 16.49 ± 5.27 and 16.74 ± 4.95, respectively. These findings provide insight into the interplay between social capital and depressive symptoms among multicultural adolescents. Support in consideration of differences in social capital is needed to reduce depression among multicultural adolescents.
Highlights
Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and size adjusted BIC (saBIC) decreased with increasing number of classes and these indices were lowest in the 5-profile model
The 4-profile model had lower BIC and saBIC values than the 2-profile model and the LMR and bootstrap likelihood-ratio test (BLRT) showed that both models supported the alternative hypothesis (p < 0.001)
This study attempted to classify the latent classes of multicultural adolescents according to social capital using the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS) data and identify the differences in depressive symptoms according to the social capital profile of adolescents
Summary
The World Migration Report 2020 estimates the global number of international migrants to be approximately 272 million, exceeding the 2050 projection of 230 million and growing faster than previously predicted [2]. The multicultural population of Korea has increased, reaching 367,775 households as per the 2020 census. This accounts for 2.1% of the total population, which is an increase of 3.9% compared to 2019 [3]. The number of children from multicultural families has increased significantly from 44,258 in 2007 to 264,626 in 2019 [4].
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