Profiles of IgE sensitization to dust mite allergen components in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma

Abstract

Objective:To study the differences and clinical significance of dust mite allergen components in allergic rhinitis（AR） and allergic rhinitis with asthma syndrome（ARAS） patients. Methods:The clinical data of 42 AR patients were retrospectively analyzed and patients were divided into AR and ARAS group. The serum sIgE concentrations of house dust mites were detected by ImmunoCAP system. The allergen components of Der p（Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 7, Der p 10, Der p 21, Der p 23） and Der f（Der f 1, Der f 2） were analyzed by protein microarray method. The concentration differences of dust mite allergen and its components in AR and ARAS groups were analyzed. Results:Thirty-one cases of AR and 11 cases of ARAS were included. The positive rate of Der p and Der f was 100.0% and 97.6%, respectively. The highest sensitization rates of Der p allergen components were as following: Der p 1（73.8%）, Der f 1（66.7%）, Der f 2（64.3%） and Der p 2（61.9%）. The sensitization rates of Der f 1（100.0% vs 54.8%, P=0.006）, Der p 2（90.9% vs 51.6%, P=0.021） and Der f 2（100.0% vs 51.6%, P=0.004） in ARAS group were significantly higher than those in AR group. The sIgE concentrations of Der p in AR group were significantly lower than those in ARAS group（[7.65±12.15]kUA/L vs[15.20±18.77]kUA/L, P<0.05）. The sIgE concentrations of Der p 1（[5.39±4.61]kUA/L vs[2.03±2.97]kUA/L, P=0.013）, Der p 2（[8.82± 13.58]kUA/L vs[2.78±5.80]kUA/L, P=0.001）, Der p 23（[1.76± 3.88]kUA/L vs[0.28±0.65]kUA/L, P<0.001） was significantly higher in ARAS group than that of AR group. Correlation analysis showed that Der p 1, Der p 2, Der f 1 and Der f 2 had high positive correlation（P<0.01）. The dust mite components sensitization showed a multiple-sensitized mode. 66.7% of the 42 patients were positive for two or more components while it was 58.1% of the AR group and 90.9% of the ARAS group. The sensitization rate of 3 or more components in ARAS group was significantly higher than that in AR group（54.6% vs 29.1%, P<0.05）. Conclusion:The concentration of dust mites allergens in ARAS group is higher than that in AR group. Der p 1, Der f 1, Der p 2 and Der f 2 are the main allergen components with a higher sensitization rate in ARAS group. The concentrations of Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 23 were higher in ARAS group. The ARAS group is prone to multi-sensitzed to allergen components.