Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is an IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction to sensitization to environmental allergens. Pathogenesis is quite complex, involving genetic and environmental factors, food allergens, skin barrier defects and immune dysfunction. Data on its prevalence and epidemiological aspects in Europe and North America are easily found in the literature. However, when searching for specific national locations, studies are still scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of canine AD at the dermatology service of the Veterinary Hospital from Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). For this purpose, 761 medical records of dogs attended at the service from January 2015 to December 2020 were analyzed. The results revealed that of all dermatological diagnoses in the species, 28,12% (214/761) of the cases were of dogs with AD. 34,51% (291/761) of the dermatological cases were from allergic etiology, and of these, AD corresponded to 73,56% (214/291), representing the most prevalent allergic disease in dogs at the Veterinary Hospital from UFMG. Females were more affected than males, as well as dogs of defined breeds in comparison to mixed breed dogs, with shih tzu being the most prevalent pure breed, followed by mixed breed dogs. Because it is a highly pruritic disease that affects the quality of life of dogs and their owners, this study contributes to a better understanding and diagnostic approach to the disease in the local canine population.
Highlights
Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most frequent chronic dermatopathy in dogs, affecting 20 to 30% of the canine population (Marsella & De Benedetto, 2017)
The period studied ranged from January 2015 to December 2020 and a total of 761 medical records of canine patients with a diagnosed dermatopathy were computed at the dermatology service of the Veterinary Hospital from University of Minas Gerais (UFMG)
214 dogs were clinically diagnosed with canine AD, corresponding to a prevalence of 28,12% of all dermatological appointments of the species in the period corresponding to five years
Summary
Canine AD is one of the most frequent chronic dermatopathy in dogs, affecting 20 to 30% of the canine population (Marsella & De Benedetto, 2017). It is defined as a genetically predisposed, pruritic, and inflammatory skin disease with clinical signs associated with IgE production against environmental allergens (Olivry et al, 2001; Halliwell, 2006). It is known that genetic and environmental factors affect both the immune response and the skin barrier function, which can be a primary and secondary factor (Marsella, Sousa, Gonzales & Fadok, 2012). Tissue remodeling lesions, in response to chronic inflammation, appear, such as lichenification, hyperpigmentation, and hyperkeratosis (Larsson & Lucas, 2020)
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