Abstract
Introduction: Brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a congenital vascular lesion in which arterial blood flows directly into draining veins without capillary networking. The estimated incidence rate is approximately 1 case for 100,000 people a year. Clinical presentations are headache, seizure, neurological deficit, and others that are caused by space-occupying lesions. The treatment of brain AVM consists of microsurgery resection, embolization, stereotactic radiosurgery to conservative treatment.Methods: The design of the study was a descriptive non-analytical study. Data were taken from patients' medical records, radiological records, and catheter lab data records at National Brain Center Hospital in 2015 – 2016.Results: There were 32 patients with AVM. The characteristics of brain AVM in our study were mostly men (62.5%), productive age ranging from 20 – 29 years (31.25%), manifested as seizure (43.75%), presence with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score 15 (87.5%), and rupture of brain AVM nidus (59.38%).Conclusion: Brain AVM predominantly occurred at a young age and the management varied on the Spetzler-Martin grading. In addition, the likelihood of rupture was influenced by the characteristics of the lesion, such as size, age, location of the nidus, and history of rupture of brain AVM nidus.Keywords: brain arteriovenous malformation, epidemiology, profile
Highlights
Brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a congenital vascular lesion in which arterial blood flows directly into draining veins without capillary networking
The most common clinical symptom is a hemorrhagic stroke caused by ruptured brain AVM nidus
In 1997, Mast et al reported in their research that most brain AVM patients were female, and with a multivariate regression test, it was found that men had a risk of brain AVM rupture with a risk ratio of 9.2 times which increased significantly (P < 0.05).[7]
Summary
Brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a congenital vascular lesion in which arterial blood flows directly into draining veins without capillary networking.[1] The reduction in vascular resistance is generally due to the small diameter of the arterioles and capillaries, which causes direct flow from the arterial pressure to the venous structures resulting in increased blood flow accompanied by tortuous growth of the blood vessels.[1] Apart from anatomical changes in the cerebral blood vessels, these processes cause significant hemodynamic changes in the brain. Brain AVM has symptomatic mass effects, seizures, and pathological changes in hemodynamics caused by irritation of the cortex around the lesion.[1,2]
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