Abstract
Background: Congenital anomalies of the central nervous system (CACNS) are birth defects of the physical structure of the brain or spinal cord that occur during intrauterine growth. The purpose of study was to obtain the incidence, types and risk factors of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system in the 2 teaching hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based observational study carried out on infants delivered at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) and Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Enugu during the periods of January 2013 and December 2018. Diagnosis of neurological congenital anomaly was made through clinical examination by a pediatrician and a neurosurgeon. Stillborns were excluded. Results: During the study period, 15,820 were delivered in the 2 teaching hospitals, out of which 79 infants had CACNS, which gave an incidence of 0.5%. Neural tube defect was the most common neurological anomaly. A significant number of the mothers took herbal concoctions during pregnancy. About one-fifth of the neurological anomalies were diagnosed prenatally. Conclusion: This study showed an incidence of CACNS of 0.5% in the two teaching hospitals in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Neural tube defect was the most common anomaly.
Highlights
Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer
Country classification is determining with the Gross national income (GNI), per capita, Purchasing power parity (PPP), according the administrations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
The provisional budget is establishing among the guidelines developed by World Health Organization (WHO) for regional and national cancer control programs according to national economic development
Summary
One in eight deaths is due to cancer. Cancer causes more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined [1]. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase to 19.3 million new cancer cases per year by 2025, due to growth and ageing of the global population. More than half of all cancers (56.8%) and cancer deaths (64.9%) in 2012 occurred in less developed regions of the world, and these proportions will increase further by 2025 [6]. Cancer has the most devastating economic impact of any cause of death in the world [10]. Data limitations do not allow estimating the worldwide economic costs of cancer. It is estimated that more than half of all cancer cases and deaths worldwide are potentially preventable [3,4,5, 7]
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