Abstract
Mechanical damage, during grafting, results in the formation of reactive oxygen species, which are neutralized by the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems which may influence the essential oil composition of grafts and rootstocks because of the formation of oxygenated terpenes, substances with higher reactivity against pathogens. Various studies have demonstrated the biological activity of Annonaceae and the important pharmacological potential of the substances produced by the genus Annona. Thus, we studied the essential oils of leaves collected from the graft (Annona × atemoya) and lateral budding from the rootstock (Annona emarginata), in the same individual, in order to characterize chemical profile. The extraction was carried out by hydrodistillation and separation, quantification and identification of the substances were performed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. Chemical profiles of essential oils were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). Annona × atemoya and Annona emarginata presented chemical profiles of essential oil with specific substances. Some substances are common in oils of both species. Germacrene D is predominant in Annona × atemoya and α and β-selinene, β-elemene and spathulenol occurred in Annona emarginata. Our results suggest that the profile of such essential oil may be another indicator for the success of the combination of these two species.
Highlights
The Annonaceae family has the important genus Annona, mainly because of its edible fruits
Substances classified as monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were identified in essential oils of both species, all of them from terpenes class (Table 1)
Sesquiterpenes were predominant in essential oils, while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes constituted by 90.1% and 72.9% of essential oils of atemoya and A. emarginata, respectively
Summary
The Annonaceae family has the important genus Annona, mainly because of its edible fruits. The grafting process results in transferring molecules, such as mRNAs, between the rootstock and scion, which may interfere in the synthesis of other molecules involved in the primary (Baron et al, 2019; Baron, Bravo, Maia, Pina, & Ferreira, 2016; Kanehira et al, 2010) and specialized metabolisms, as essential oils. The great susceptibility of atemoya to pathogens is controlled by means of grafting on A. emarginata, whose resistance (Baron et al, 2019) may be related, at least in part, to biosynthesized substances in the specialized metabolism, such as terpenes, which are present in essential oils. We studied the essential oils of leaves collected from the graft (Annona × atemoya) and lateral budding of the rootstock (Annona emarginata), in the same individual, in order to characterize the chemical profile
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