Abstract
A serious emerging problem worldwide is increased antimicrobial resistance. Acquisition of coding genes for evasion methods of antimicrobial drug mechanisms characterizes acquired resistance. This phenomenon has been observed in Enterobacteriaceae family. Treatment for bacterial infections is performed with antibiotics, of which the most used are beta-lactams. The aim of this study was to correlate antimicrobial resistance profiles in Enterobacteriaceae by phenotypic methods and molecular identification of 14 beta-lactamase coding genes. In this study, 70 exclusive isolates from Brazil were used, half of which were collected in veterinary clinics or hospitals Phenotypic methodologies were used and real-time PCR was the molecular methodology used, through the Sybr Green system. Regargding the results found in the tests it was observed that 74.28% were resistant to ampicillin, 62.85% were resistant to amoxicillin associated with clavalunate. The mechanism of resistance that presented the highest expression was ESBL (17.14%). The genes studied that were detected in a greater number of species were blaGIM and blaSIM (66.66% of the samples) and the one that was amplified in a smaller number of samples was blaVIM (16.66%). Therefore, high and worrying levels of antimicrobial resistance have been found in enterobacteria, and a way to minimize the accelerated emergence of their resistance includes developing or improving techniques that generate diagnoses with high efficiency and speed.
Highlights
Regarding taxonomy, in relation to taxonomy, the Enterobacteriacea family has 53 genera of which more than 170 species have already been named
This antimicrobial resistance study in enterobacteria characterized a phenotypic profile of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, in which among the 70 bacterial samples studied, 52 (74.28%) were resistant to ampicillin, 44 (62.85%) were resistant to amoxicillin associated with the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavalunate, 38 (54.28%) were resistant to cefazolin, and 6 (8.57%) were resistant to cefuroxime
Except for C. neteri, which is a strain of animal origin, these bacterial species are in accordance with epidemiological data indicated by ANVISA [22], as they are among the species of enterobacteria most prevalent in primary bloodstream infections associated with the use of catheters in hospitalized patients in adult, pediatric and neonatal Intermediate Care Unit (ICU) in Brazil
Summary
In relation to taxonomy, the Enterobacteriacea family has 53 genera of which more than 170 species have already been named. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 410 associated with bacterial infections in humans Members of this family are Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rods and most species are able to grow at 37 ◦ C, some grow more properly at 25 to 30 ◦ C [1]. These microorganisms are widely distributed in nature and are found in soil, water, vegetables, in humans and vertebrates gastrointestinal tract [2]. Enterobacteriaceae represent the main group of bacteria isolated in clinical samples and are associated with a wide variety of community and hospital infections [3]. Gram-negative bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, are common causes of both community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections, including urinary tract, bloodstream, and lower respiratory tract infections [4]
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