Abstract
The Neotropical coffee leaf miner is a key coffee pest and in the state of Bahia, one of the major coffee-producing states in the country. The insect finds favorable conditions for its development, causing production losses and intensive use of insecticides. Thus, the objective of the study was to analyze aspects of the profile of coffee crops and the management of the leaf miner, including the use of insecticide for the western and highland regions of Bahia. Data were obtained through questionnaires applied to coffee growers and/or production technicians and included information on the total area, area with coffee, and native vegetation, type of cultivation, cultivars, pest monitoring, methods of control and use, insecticide rotation, and doses used. Descriptive statistical analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and canonical correlations indicated differences between farm size, and areas with coffee and native vegetation. Chemical pest control prevails as a management strategy in all farms. The results are important for managing the coffee leaf miner while providing an overview and diagnosis of insecticide use in coffee production in the state of Bahia. An increase in the application of systemic insecticides took place in recent years, similarly (same active ingredients) among most coffee growers. This fact increases the risk of selecting populations resistant to insecticides, compromising the management of the leaf miner in the regions.
Highlights
Coffee production is an activity of great importance for the Brazilian economy [1], with an estimated production area of 2.1 million hectares
Coffee production in Bahia stands out on the national scenario due to the quality of coffee produced in the highland region, mainly in municipalities located in Diamantina highlands (i.e., Chapada Diamantina), that is responsible for the production of specialty coffees due to the particular climatic conditions [3]
The highland region of Bahia, with municipalities located in the Diamantina highlands, has played an important role in the adoption of measures based on agricultural practices that cause lower environmental impact and greater economic value of the product
Summary
Coffee production is an activity of great importance for the Brazilian economy [1], with an estimated production area of 2.1 million hectares. The country is the world’s largest producer and exporter with an annual production of 61.7 million 60 kg sacks of processed coffee, where few states account for more than 90% of national production [2]. Coffee production in Bahia stands out on the national scenario due to the quality of coffee produced in the highland region, mainly in municipalities located in Diamantina highlands (i.e., Chapada Diamantina), that is responsible for the production of specialty coffees due to the particular climatic conditions [3]. Consumer expansion in new markets has led coffee growers to search for systems for sustainable production. The highland region of Bahia, with municipalities located in the Diamantina highlands, has played an important role in the adoption of measures based on agricultural practices that cause lower environmental impact and greater economic value of the product. For accessing the European and North American markets, farmers must use methods consistent with the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) philosophy, and not just chemical control methods [4,5]
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