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Abstract
Hemotherapy services play a key role in attracting donors and providing safe blood to the population. The apheresis platelet collection procedure is a relatively simple, safe and important procedure for increasing the stocks of these services. However, the recruitment and retention of these donors still represent a major challenge. Objective: Evaluating the profile of donors of blood components by apheresis in the Transfusion Unit of Professor Alberto Antunes University Hospital - UFAL, as well as knowing the hematological parameters pre- and post-donation, the occurrence of the main adverse events related to the procedure and the difficulties faced by the donor. Method: This was a cross-sectional observational study. We analyzed a total of 160 forms of apheresis donors from March 2017 to June 2018. The data were tabulated using the Excel program, and then analyzed in order to determinethe objectives. Results: Most donors were male (93.13%), aged between 25 and 40 years (48.75%) and brown (25.62%). There was a slight prevalence of singles (49.37%) and 73.75% were from Maceió. The most prevalent ABO and Rh phenotyping was O+ (39.3%). Most of the procedures were simple platelet collection (75.60%) and the occurrence of adverse events during donations was 30.63%. Conclusion: Evaluation of apheresis donor profile and the knowledge of the possible side effects related to the procedure provided a better understanding of this type of donation and may improve the capture and retention processes of these individuals, minimizing the effects of lack of blood for Alagoana population.
Highlights
Maintaining blood component stocks is one of the biggest challenges for hemotherapy services in the world
Our research aimed to evaluate the profile of donors and blood collection by apheresis of the Transfusion Unit of Professor Alberto Antunes University Hospital/UFAL/EBSERH, besides knowing the main adverse events related to the collection procedure and the difficulties faced by the donor, in order to outline strategies to improve the capture and retention of these donors, contributing to the maintenance of blood component stocks for the population
Blood collection by apheresis is responsible for the increase in the number of blood components collected from a single donor, associated with an improvement in the final quality of the product, which represents an important mechanism for reducing the lack of blood for patients who need it[1,2]
Summary
Maintaining blood component stocks is one of the biggest challenges for hemotherapy services in the world. Apheresis blood collection allows for a selective and multi-component donation from a single donor in greater quantity and quality than a whole blood donation, with lower antigen exposure and risk of disease transmission to recipients. Apheresis is still poorly known by most blood donors and health professionals, especially in public services in the North and Northeast of Brazil[1,3]. The word apheresis, from the Greek “separate”, is the selective process of collecting blood from a single donor or patient through automated separation of its components due to different densities, retention of the blood component to be collected, and return of the remainder to the donor / patient. The collection of blood components by apheresis may be performed for transfusion purposes, from the collection of blood components from a donor, or therapy, where there is the removal of cells or plasma from patients related to the development of pathologies, and their substitution by replacement fluids or healthy cells for treatment purposes[1,3]
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