Abstract
BackgroundAmerican tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a widespread anthropozoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is considered a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to provide a descriptive analysis of confirmed ATL cases and evaluate the spatial distribution of ATL in high-risk transmission areas from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.MethodsAn ecological, analytical, and retrospective study of the confirmed cases of ATL in Minas Gerais from 2007 to 2017 was conducted. To characterize these cases, multiple correspondence analysis and georeferencing of the ATL prevalence rates in the municipalities were conducted based on variables obtained at Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação and Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística databases.ResultsThere were 13,025 confirmed cases of ATL from 74.4% (635) municipalities of Minas Gerais, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 66.5 cases for every 100,000 inhabitants. Males aged 20 to 59 years and individuals who attended elementary school were most affected with ATL. Multiple correspondence analysis presented an accumulated qui-squared value of 44.74%, proving that there was a relationship between the variables, including ethnicity, age, pregnancy status, zone of infection, and number of cases.ConclusionWe confirmed that ATL is endemic to Minas Gerais, and there is high risk of infection within the municipalities due to a high rate of parasite transmission. The occurrence of infection in children, pregnant women, and the indigenous population demonstrates the need for the government to expand social policies aimed at vulnerable groups.
Highlights
American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a widespread anthropozoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is considered a serious public health problem
Development of the study An ecological, analytical, and retrospective study of confirmed cases of ATL, which occurred between 2007 and 2017 in Minas Gerais, was conducted using the secondary database established by the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, known as Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)
Database A total of 635 municipalities in Minas Gerais, which reported confirmed cases of ATL were considered as analytical units, and epidemiological aspects that could characterize these cases were evaluated using data obtained from SINAN
Summary
American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a widespread anthropozoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is considered a serious public health problem. American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a widespread zoonotic disease that has a global impact [1]. It is caused by the protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is considered a serious public health problem [2]. Phlebotomine sand flies, such as Nyssomyia spp. and Lutzomyia spp., belonging to the family Psychodidae (subfamily Phlebotominae), act as vectors for Leishmania in the Americas and play an important role in disease dissemination among humans and domestic animal reservoirs [3,4,5]. From 2007 to 2017, 232,989 cases of ATL were reported in Brazil, with a mean prevalence of 118.39 cases annually for every 100,000 inhabitants
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