Abstract
Background: Surgical complications of enteric fever has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and outcome of the treatment of abdominal surgical complications of enteric fever in children in a teaching hospital in Enugu, Nigeria.
 Methods: This retrospective study included children who had undergone a surgery for abdominal complications of enteric fever at the pediatric surgery unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Enugu, Nigeria. The medical records of the pediatric patients over a five-year period were evaluated for the patients’ demographics, presenting symptoms, investigations, intraoperative findings, procedures performed, and postoperative complications and outcome.
 Results: During the study period, there were 44 cases of abdominal surgical complications of enteric fever with an age range of 6–14 years (mean 9.5 years) and the male to female ratio of 2.7:1. The mean duration of symptoms prior to presentation was five days. All the patients had fever and abdominal pain. While 95% of the patient had typhoid intestinal perforation, 5% had typhoid hemorrhage. Primary closure of intestinal perforation and right hemicolectomy with ileotransverse anastomosis were performed for typhoid intestinal perforation and typhoid intestinal hemorrhage, respectively. Surgical site infection was the most common postoperative complication. The mortality rate was 6.8%.
 Conclusion: Abdominal surgical complications of enteric fever are still obtainable in developing countries. Typhoid intestinal perforation was the most common complication recorded in the present study.
 Keywords: abdominal, children, enteric fever, surgical complications
Highlights
Enteric fever, known as typhoid fever, is a common multisystem infection caused by the bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A and B which are transmitted through feco-oral route [1]
This study focuses on the surgical complications of typhoid fever that occur in the abdomen
Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) serves the whole of the Enugu State, which according to the 2016 estimates of the National Population Commission and Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics has a population of about 4 million people and a population density of 616.0/km2
Summary
Known as typhoid fever, is a common multisystem infection caused by the bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A and B which are transmitted through feco-oral route [1]. Complications of enteric fever of surgical importance could be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern and outcome of the treatment of abdominal surgical complications of enteric fever in children in a teaching hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and outcome of the treatment of abdominal surgical complications of enteric fever in children in a teaching hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective study included children who had undergone a surgery for abdominal complications of enteric fever at the pediatric surgery unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Enugu, Nigeria. Typhoid intestinal perforation was the most common complication recorded in the present study
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