Profile distribution and seasonal dynamics of water-extractable carbohydrate in soils under mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest on Changbai Mountain

Abstract

Carbohydrate represents an important part of the soil labile organic carbon pool. Water soluble carbohydrate drives the C cycle in forest soil by affecting microbial activity and hot water extractable carbohydrate is thought related to soil carbon sequestration due to the association with soil aggregation. In a temperate forest region of northeast China, Changbai Mountain, we investigated the abundance, spacial distribution, and seasonal dynamics of cool and hot-water extractable carbohydrate in soils under mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest. The concentrations of cool-water extractable carbohydrate (CWECH) in three soil layers (0–5, 5–10, 10–20 cm) ranged from 4.1 to 193.3 g·kg−1 dry soil, decreasing rapidly with soil depth. On an annual average, the CWECH concentrations in soils at depths of 5–10 and 10–20 cm were 54.2% and 24.0%, respectively, of that in the 0–5 cm soil layer. CWECH showed distinct seasonal dynamics with the highest concentrations in early spring, lowest in summer, and increasing concentrations in autumn. Hot-water extractable carbohydrate (HWECH) concentrations in three soil layers ranged from 121.4 to 2026.2 g·kg−1 dry soil, which were about one order of magnitude higher than CWECH. The abundance of HWECH was even more profile-dependent than CWECH, and decreased more rapidly with soil depth. On an annual average, the HWECH concentration in soils 10–20 cm deep was about one order of magnitude lower than that in the top 0–5 cm soil. The seasonality of HWECH roughly tracked that of CWECH but with seasonal fluctuations of smaller amplitude. The carbohydrate concentrations in cool/hot water extracts of soil were positively correlated with UV254 and UV280 of the same solution, which has implications for predicting the leaching loss of water soluble organic carbon.