Profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from 2002 to 2009

Júlia Cristina Maksoud Brazuna,Valter Joost Van Onselen,Iara Helena Domingos,Júlio Maksoud Brazuna,Elaine Araujo E Silva,Neuma Chaves,Ana Lúcia Lyrio De Oliveira,Michael Robin Honer

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822012000500012

Abstract

This study sought to describe the profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, from 2002 to 2009. Human data were collected from the Brazilian National Information System for Notifiable Diseases. Canine cases and entomological data were obtained from the Information Service for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Control/Campo Grande, MS. A total of 951 records from 2002 to 2009 were investigated. The number of reported cases of VL in males was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than that in females. The higher frequency observed among males was associated with age (p < 0.0001), which increased in individuals aged 40 years and older. The overall fatality rate was 7.4%. Entomological surveys conducted in 2006, 2007, and 2009 showed the insect vector Lutzomyia longipalpis to be present in all urban regions of the county. VL cases in humans and dogs, as well as in vectors, occurs in all urban regions of Campo Grande. Despite not observing tendencies of increase or reduction in the incidence of the disease due to aging, the major incidence in men is higher in those aged 40 years or above.

Highlights

This study sought to describe the profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the city ofCampo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, from 2002 to 2009
VL has a wide clinical spectrum of signs and symptoms. These can be moderate to severe and are often characterized by fever, pallor, and hepatosplenomegaly, sometimes including diarrhea and/or nonproductive cough, features that are often shared with other infectious processes[2], including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria, diarrhea caused by other etiologies, hepatitis, and other causes
Retrospective data of human VL cases from January 2002 to December 2009 were collected from the records of the Brazilian

Summary

Introduction

This study sought to describe the profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the city ofCampo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, from 2002 to 2009. Canine cases and entomological data were obtained from the Information Service for Canine Visceral. The number of reported cases of VL in males was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than that in females. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a potentially fatal parasitic zoonosis, is a frequently occurring disease in the Indian subcontinent, East Africa, and South America[1]. VL has a wide clinical spectrum of signs and symptoms. These can be moderate to severe and are often characterized by fever, pallor, and hepatosplenomegaly, sometimes including diarrhea and/or nonproductive cough, features that are often shared with other infectious processes[2], including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria, diarrhea caused by other etiologies, hepatitis, and other causes.

Methods

Results

Conclusion