Profil des lymphocytes T CD8+ dans l’eczéma allergique de contact sur peaux pigmentées

Abstract

ObjectiveTo analyze the levels of CD8+ T cells during the effector phase of allergic contact dermatitis. Patients and methodsThis was a cross-sectional, exposed-unexposed study with several passages. The study included 150 exposed patients and 150 matched unexposed subjects representing the control population. Patch tests were performed in exposed subjects. CD8+ T cell counts were performed by flow cytometry. Each patient received 3 samples (Day 0, Day 2 and Day 4). Only one sample was taken from the controls. We considered the average CD8+ T cell rate of the controls as a reference value. Any value below this level was considered low and any value above it was considered high. ResultsThe mean age was 35.77 years. The main allergens were fragrance mix, nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate. The mean CD8+ T cell level in patients at D0 was significantly higher than in the control population. It increased significantly from D0 to D4. There was a significant relationship between mean CD8+ T cells levels and patch test results. There was a twofold increase in the risk of having an elevated CD8+ T cells level when having allergic contact dermatitis. ConclusionOur study showed significant levels of CD8+ T cell in subjects with allergic contact dermatitis. However, it should be supported by work on the exact nature of hapten-specific effector CD8+ T cells, the cytokines involved and the role played by other potential effector cells in allergic contact dermatitis.