Abstract
Goal. Establish the best perennial legumes when grown in single-species and compatible fodder agrocenoses with stokolos boneless and the effectiveness of the use of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing bacterial preparations, as well as liming. Methods. General scientific − hypotheses, inductions and deductions, analogies, generalizations and special − field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical, computational and comparative. Results. Based on the generalization of literature sources, it is proved that the creation of sown grasslands, with high content of perennial legumes on meadows and arable lands, which are derived from intensive cultivation is one of the most promising areas of organic onion growing. Productivity of single-species crops of perennial legumes and their mixtures with boneless stalk on average for five years after the yield of 1 ha of dry mass in the version without fertilizers ranged from 5.12 to 8.38 tons, which is 1.7−2.5 times more in comparison with a grassy grass stand which is formed from one-species crops of a stokolos of a boneless. The highest productivity and level of symbiotic nitrogen accumulation (191−266 kg / ha) were provided by agrocenoses with the participation of alfalfa, and the lowest - meadow clover. The efficiency of soil liming during sowing of grasses and application of inoculation of seeds of perennial legumes with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing preparations is given. Changes in the chemical composition of feed under the influence of the studied factors are also shown. Conclusions. Different types of perennial legumes and their mixtures with boneless stalk without fertilizers provide productivity in the range of 5.12−8.38 t / ha of dry weight, which is 1.7−2.5 times more than the grass cover, which is formed from single-species sowing of stokolos bezzostoy. Inoculation of perennial legume seeds with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-releasing microbiological preparations increases the productivity of perennial legumes and their mixtures with cereals by 2−6%, and soil liming before sowing – by 3−11%. The greatest effect is provided by the combined use of these bacterial drugs. Alfalfa sowing responds best to their use and liming.
Highlights
Natural forage lands in the vast majority as an ecologically clean area and a source of environmentally safe forage is an important component of ecological tourism, in combination with organic production meets the requirements of sustainable development and rational nature management (Parente, 2012; Kurgak, 2013)
An integral component of organic production is the development and implementation of a set of measures aimed at the conservation of flora and fauna of the onion grasslands by creating a network of nature reserves, wildlife refuges, hunting and deer farms with keeping and grazing animals in cages (Tyshkevich, 2010).In organic fodder production great attention should be paid to quality control of fodder by certified laboratories
We have established that the productivity of monoecious leguminous grasses and their mixtures with awnless bromegrass was high and varied within the range of 5.12−8.38 tons during five years on the average per 1 ha of dry weight in the variant without fertilization, which is 1.7−2.5 times higher than the productivity of grass stand formed from monoecious grasses with awnless bromegrass
Summary
The accumulated symbiotic nitrogen ranging from 95 to 266 kg/ha against the background of liming and joint application of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-mobilizing bacterial preparations, different species of perennial legume grasses in single and joint crops on average for 2016−2020 (see Table 1 ). Legume grass species both in single-species crops and in mixtures with awnless bromegrass accumulated more symbiotic nitrogen. The chemical composition of the feed of perennial legumes and leguminous grasses on average over the years of research is given in table
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