Productivity of camelina and spring rapeseed as affected by varietal characteristics in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

Purpose. Determine the oil content and glucosinolate content and productivity of spring camelina and spring rapeseed as affected by varietal characteristics.
 Methods. The research was conducted in the educational-scientific-industrial complex of Uman National University of Horticulture. Spring rapeseed varieties ‘Belinda’, ‘Aidar’, ‘Heros’, ‘Jerry’ and spring camelina varieties ‘Zevs’, ‘Hirskyi’, ‘Slavutych’, ‘Mirazh’ were studied. Seeds were sown in a row to a depth of 1.5 cm with a seeder CH-16. The sowing rate was 300 seeds/m2, or 5.4 kg/ha. The crop was harvested separately by Sampo-500 combine.
 Results. In spring rapeseed, the highest yield was marked by variety ‘Aidar’ (2.52 t/ha) and the lowest by ‘Heros’ (2.43 t/ha). In spring camelina, the highest yield was in variety ‘Zevs’ (2.31 t/ha) and lower in ‘Hirska’ (2.15), ‘Mirazh’ (2.27), and ‘Slavutych’ (2.22 t/ha). The highest oil content among rapeseed varieties demonstrated ‘Aidar’ (43.7%). Slightly lower it was in ‘Belinda’ (43.2%), ‘Jerry’ (42.8) and ‘Heros’ (42.6%). Depending on the varietal characteristics, the highest percentage of oil content was found in spring camelina varieties ‘Zevs’ (45.1%). It was lower by 0.5 and 0.9% in ‘Mirazh’ and ‘Slavutych’. The lowest percentage of oil content (43.7%) was determined in camelina variety ‘Hirska. In spring rapeseed varieties, the highest content of glucosinolates was in ‘Aidar’ – 20.5 μmol/g, 0.3 and 0.5 μmol/g less in ‘Belinda’ and ‘Jerry’, and the lowest in ‘Heros’ (19.8 μmol/g). In spring camelina, the highest value was in the variety ‘Zevs’ (22.0 μmol/g), and the lowest in ‘Hirska’ (21.0 μmol/g). ‘Mirazh’ and ‘Slavutych’ contained 21.7 and 21.4 μmol/g of glucosinolatesm respectively.
 Conclusions. The productivity of oilseed crops varies under the same growing conditions: spring rapeseed, regardless of varietal characteristics, demonstrated higher yield compared to camelina. On average over the years of research and varieties, this indicator was 2.47 t in spring rapeseed, and 2.24 t/ha in spring camelina, which is 0.23 t/ha less. In rapeseed, the oil content of the seeds was 43.07%, the content of glucosinolates varied from 19.8 to 20.5 μmol/g. In spring camelina, the oil content of seeds was 1.33–44.40% higher, the content of glucosinolates ranged from 21.0 to 22.0 μmol/g. The level of profitability of the studied oilseed crops was high and varied as affected by varietal characteristics: in rapeseed from 122 to 141%, and in spring camelina from 182 to 196%.