Abstract
Through the pruning type ‘esqueletamento’ it was developed a technology for the management of trees called “Zero Yield” in order to keep the size of the crop and eliminate the harvesting in a low yield season, which usually compromises the earnings of the coffee grower. With this technology, the harvest takes place every two years, always in years of high yield season. This technology is highly dependent on climate, and genotype. Given this, the objective of the study was to select genotypes of Coffea arabica L. responsive to pruning type ‘esqueletamento’, with high productivity and high potential for quality of drink for specialty coffee production. The experiment was deployed in the Coffee Sector at the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) in December 2005 and after six crops, it has undergone the pruning type ‘esqueletamento’ in August 2014. 20 genotypes were evaluated, being 18 progenies in F5 generation, derived from the cross between cultivars of the Catuaí Group with coffees of germplasm Icatu and germplasm “Hibrido de Timor” and two commercial cultivars as witnesses. (Tupi IAC 1669-33 and Obatã IAC 1669-20). The following characteristics were evaluated: productivity (before and after pruning), vegetative vigor, the incidence of leaf rust, dull fruits, sieve No.16 and above, grain type mocha, aspect, and quality of drink. The genotypes 9 (H516-2-1-1-18-1-1), 12 (H516-2-1-1-18-1-4), 16 (H419-3-4-5-2-1-3), 18 (H419-3-4-5-2-1-5) and the cultivar Tupi IAC 1669-33 were responsive to the ‘esqueletamento’, with productivity after pruning higher than the maximum reached before the adoption of the pruning. All genotypes with the exception of Catucaí Amarelo 24/137 showed potential for the production of specialty coffees.
Highlights
Most improved cultivars, which are rust-resistant are descendants of “Hibrido de Timor”, being that this germplasm has presented high variability for quality of drink (Carvalho et al, 2011), but good resistance to leaf rust when compared with the descendants of the germplasm Icatu, which generally have high vegetative vigor and high response to pruning
The group is composed of 14 genotypes with productivities between 64.8 and 87.6 bags ha-1
It is worth noting in this group the genotypes 12, 14, 18 and 19 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) that, in addition to high productivity were the most vigorous and showed leaf rust resistance (Tables 2 and 3)
Summary
Through the pruning type ‘esqueletamento’ it was developed a management system called “Zero Yield” whose purpose is to eliminate harvesting in low yield seasons (Japiassú et al, 2010). It is a recent Brazilian coffee jas.ccsenet.org. The use of resistant cultivars is essential for the sustainability of coffee production, it is necessary that these cultivars present desirable agronomic characteristics, such as responsive to pruning, vigorous, large fruits and of good quality, compatible with the current demand of coffee production. Most improved cultivars, which are rust-resistant are descendants of “Hibrido de Timor”, being that this germplasm has presented high variability for quality of drink (Carvalho et al, 2011), but good resistance to leaf rust when compared with the descendants of the germplasm Icatu, which generally have high vegetative vigor and high response to pruning
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