Productive, varietal and sowing traits of winter wheat seeds depending on reproduction

Abstract

Winter wheat is one of the most important food crops in the Rostov region. Grain value is determined by the high percentage of protein, oil, carbohydrates, etc. It has been established that in the reproduction of winter wheat varieties there is a gradual deterioration of the varietal and sowing traits of seeds as a result of mechanical, biological contamination, and an increase in the damage caused by the diseases transmitted through seeds. The purpose of research is to identify the changing dynamics in productive, varietal and sowing traits of winter wheat seeds of various reproductions. The material for the study was the original seeds (OS) of breeding nurseries of the first (BN-1) and the second (BN-2), super-basic (S/B), basic seeds (BS) and the first reproduction (BN-1) of the winter wheat variety “Lydia”. It was established that the largest yield and seed size was obtained in the first-year breeding nursery (BN-1), the smallest yield and seed size was produced by the reproduction seeds (BN-1). The study the sowing traits of seeds, depending on their categories, made it possible to reveal that during reproduction, germination energy reduced from 95 to 89%, laboratory germination decreased from 99-94% and growth forces reduced from 93 to 85%. It was found out that the percentage of protein and gluten in the seeds also decrease in the process of seed reproduction.