Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in super high-density (SHD) olive (Olea europaea L.) groves because they offer early entry into production, increased productivity and the possibility of using modified mechanical vine harvesters. This study was carried out in a young SHD olive grove to examine vegetative, histo-anatomical and productive characteristics and oil quality of the Spanish Arbequina and Italian Maurino and Leccino cultivars, characterized by low, low-to-medium and high vigor, respectively. Arbequina had low vigor and limited development in height and width, as well as a high leaf/wood ratio. Maurino had a canopy volume similar to that of Arbequina and, despite a great tendency to grow in height, had low vigor, a rather compact vegetative habitus, but good lighting in the canopy and high production efficiency. In Maurino, a greater palisade parenchyma height and a larger exposed lateral surface area of the palisade parenchyma cells were observed. In the fourth year after planting, fruit production of Arbequina was about 30 % less than Leccino and Maurino. The oil content on a dry weight basis was slightly higher in Arbequina and Maurino than in Leccino. Oil quality was good for all cultivars.
Highlights
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most widespread fruit tree species in regions with a Mediterranean climate, reaching 9.5 Mha worldwide in 2010 (FAO, 2012). Both in traditional and nontraditional areas, interest has been increasing in super high-density (SHD) olive groves because they offer early entry into production, increases in productivity and the possibility of using continuous a straddle harvester that rides over the tree canopy (De La Rosa et al, 2007; Tous et al, 2010)
21 Olive cultivars in super high-density system ing 200 kg ha–1 of urea (46 % N) and 100 kg ha–1 of complex fertilizer (8-24-24 N-P-K) on the soil in the first ten days of May and 100 g per tree of ammonium nitrate (34 % N) during the first ten days of July
The area of a leaf and, the total leaf area per tree of Maurino were lower than Arbequina and Leccino; the differences between Leccino and Arbequina were not significant, Olive cultivars in super high-density system
Summary
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most widespread fruit tree species in regions with a Mediterranean climate, reaching 9.5 Mha worldwide in 2010 (FAO, 2012) Both in traditional and nontraditional areas, interest has been increasing in super high-density (SHD) olive groves because they offer early entry into production, increases in productivity and the possibility of using continuous a straddle harvester that rides over the tree canopy (hedgerow) (De La Rosa et al, 2007; Tous et al, 2010). Productive and vegetative characteristics in olive trees strongly respond to light availability in the crown, which is influenced by canopy size and the architecture of different cultivars (Cherbiy-Hoffmann et al, 2013; Schneider et al, 2012)
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