Abstract
ABSTRACT In the last years, jambu has become popular and greatly appreciated, due to its remarkable taste. Thus, hydroponically cultivated jambu is promising, since it achieves better yield and production quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ionic concentration in nutrient solution on growth, productivity and gas exchange of jambu. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of variations of ionic concentration using the nutrient solution proposed by Hoagland & Arnon (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125%). The length of the main stem, stem diameter, number of inflorescence, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass (shoot, root and inflorescence), photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, Ci/Ca ratio and instant carboxylation efficiency were evaluated. Ionic concentrations significantly affected the studied variables, except the stem diameter, the internal CO2 concentration and the Ci/Ca ratio. The number of inflorescences and the leaf area grew linearly with maximum values (37.8 units plant-1 and 1650.8 cm2 plant-1, respectively) obtained in ionic concentration of 125%. Maximum responses were observed for shoot fresh and dry mass (63.9 and 6.9 g plant-1), root fresh and dry mass (16.7 and 2.0 g plant-1) inflorescence fresh and dry mass (11.0 and 1.8 g plant-1), respectively, at ionic concentration of 125%. Liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and instant carboxylation efficiency achieved maximum responses of 17.9 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1, 0.3 mol H2O m-2 s-1, 6.3 mmol m-2 s-1 and 0.06 with estimated concentrations of 84, 70, 80 and 83% of ionic strength, respectively. Thus, we concluded that the ionic concentration of 125% is indicated to obtain a greater biomass accumulation.
Highlights
Nos últimos anos o jambu tem apresentado crescente valorização e popularidade devido ao seu sabor e paladar marcantes
Hydroponic system is a technique for growing plants without soil as a source of nutrients, so that these nutrients are available to the crop through a balanced nutrient solution which promotes growth and development of the cultivated plants
Due to a small number of studies on jambu performance under hydroponic system, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of ionic concentrations, using the nutrient solution proposed by Hoagland & Arnon, (1950) on growth, productivity and gas exchange of jambu plants, searching to define the concentration which promotes higher yield
Summary
Nos últimos anos o jambu tem apresentado crescente valorização e popularidade devido ao seu sabor e paladar marcantes. Foram avaliados o comprimento da haste principal, diâmetro do caule, número de inflorescências, área foliar, biomassa fresca e seca (parte aérea, raiz e inflorescência), fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração, concentração interna de CO2, relação Ci/ Ca e eficiência instantânea de carboxilação. Ac mellaoleracea , popularly known in Brazil as “jambu”, is a condiment plant from the Amazon of great importance for gastronomical and medicinal purposes, mainly in Para State (Sampaio et al, 2019). Hydroponic system is a technique for growing plants without soil as a source of nutrients, so that these nutrients are available to the crop through a balanced nutrient solution (known as standard solution) which promotes growth and development of the cultivated plants In this system, the nutrient solution constitutes one of the most important aspects in obtaining high quality vegetable products (Sambo et al, 2019)
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