Production‐Integrated Environmental Protection

Abstract

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Production‐Integrated Environmental Protection in the Chemical Industry1.1.Introduction1.2.Formation of Residues in Chemical Processes1.3.Environmental Concepts in the Chemical Industry1.3.1.The Concept of Integrated Environmental Protection1.3.2.Environmental Protection in Research and Development1.3.3.Integrated and Additive Concepts of Environmental Protection1.3.4.Comparison of Integrated and Additive Environmental Protection1.4.Limitations of Production‐Integrated Environmental Protection1.4.1.Technical Limitations1.4.2.Economic Limitations1.5.Effect of Production‐Integrated Environmental Protection1.6.Costs of Integrated Measures2.Examples of Production‐Integrated Environmental Protection in the Chemical Industry2.1.Introduction2.2.Selected Examples2.2.1.Examples from Hoechst2.2.1.1.Recovery and Utilization of Residues in the Production of Viscose Staple Fiber2.2.1.2.Recovery of Methanol and Acetic Acid in Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Production2.2.1.3.Acetylation without Contamination of Wastewater2.2.1.4.Reutilization Plant for Organohalogen Compounds2.2.1.5.Vacuum Technology for Closed Production Cycles2.2.1.6.Utilization of Exhaust Gases and Liquid Residues of Chlorination Processes for Production of Clean Hydrochloric Acid2.2.1.7.Production of Neopentyl Glycol: Higher Yield by Internal Recycling2.2.1.8.Optimization of Ester Waxoil Production and Recovery of Auxiliary Products2.2.1.9.Biochemical Production of 7‐Aminocephalosporanic Acid2.2.2.Examples from Bayer2.2.2.1.Avoidance of Wastewater and Residues in the Production of H Acid (1‐Amino‐8‐hydroxynaphthalene‐3,6‐disulfonic acid)2.2.2.2.High‐Yield Production of Alkanesulfonates by Means of Membrane Technology2.2.2.3.Selective Chlorination of Toluene in thepara‐Position2.2.2.4.Production of Naphthalenedisulfonic Acid with Closed Recycling of Auxiliaries2.2.2.5.Avoiding Residues in Dye Production by Using Membrane Processes2.2.2.6.Fuel Replacement in Sewage Sludge Combustion by Utilization of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Side Products2.2.3.Examples from BASF2.2.3.1.Emission Reduction in Industrial Power Plants at Chemical Plant Sites by Means of Optimized Cogeneration2.2.3.2.Closed‐Cycle Wittig Reaction2.2.4.Integrated Environmental Protection and Energy Saving in the Production of Vinyl Chloride (Example from Wacker Chemie)2.2.5.Examples from Hüls2.2.5.1.Integrated Environmental Protection in Cumene Production2.2.5.2.Production of Acetylene by the Hüls Plasma Arc Process2.2.6.Low‐Residue Process for Titanium Dioxide Production (Example from Kronos International)2.2.7.Reduction of Waste Production and Energy Consumption in the Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (Example from Henkel)2.2.8.Integrated Environmental Protection in the Production of Vitamins (Example from F. Hoffmann‐La Roche)2.2.9.Production of Pure Naphthalene without Residues‐Replacement of Chemical Purification by Optimized Multiple Crystallization (Example from VFT)2.2.10.Improvements in the Polypropylene Production Process (Example from Shell)2.2.11.The Zero‐Residue Refinery Using the Shell Gasification Process (Shell ‐ Lurgi Example)2.2.12.Neutral Salt Splitting with the Use of Hydrogen Depolarized Anodes (HydrinaTechnology, Example from De Nora Permelec)2.2.13.Ultrapure Isopropanol Purification and Recycling System (Example from Mitsubishi Chemical)2.2.14.Examples from Boehringer Mannheim2.2.14.1.Biocatalytic Splitting of Penicillin2.2.14.2.Production of Diagnostic Reagents by Means of Genetic Engineering: Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase and α‐Glucosidase3.Acknowledgement