Abstract
The introduction of coffee into Nigeria was as far back as the 1920 s but the crop has been growing in Nigeria since the late 1890 s. Large-scale production of coffee started in the 1940 s but increased in the early to mid-1950 s. Coffee is known to be a source of income generation, adds to the socio-economic value of the household and also led to the development of the producing states especially Kogi state which is one of the major producers of Robusta coffee in Nigeria. Coffee demand is rising globally, while output in Nigeria has decreased from 1961 to 2019. This study aims to examine coffee production trends in Nigeria, factors mitigating its production and recommend possible solutions to improve the production. Previous research has showed a declining trend in coffee output, which has been linked to: poor pricing and marketing; old coffee trees; lack of training on good agricultural practices; lack of government support in the coffee sector; lack of input; climate change; lack of capital or access to credit and lack of improved technology which has led to poor productivity and abandoned farmlands. To improve coffee production; rehabilitation of old trees and implementation of improved technology should be encouraged, an improvement on processing technique that can increase the quality of the coffee thereby increasing the market value. Farmers should be given priority in terms of finance and quick access to loans.
Highlights
Coffee is a tropical tree crop belonging to the Rubiaceae family and genus Coffea, which is one of the largest tropical plant families
This study aims to examine coffee production trends in Nigeria, factors mitigating its production and recommend possible solutions to improve the production
There is a consistent decrease in coffee production in Nigeria over many decades but the downward trend in Nigeria coffee production is attributed to many factors as identified by [19, 42, 44, 45] are; the problem of marketing, old coffee trees, lack of training on good agricultural practices and improved technologies, lack of government support and investments in the coffee sector in terms of capital and access to credit are locked coffee production into low performance trap, lack of farm inputs and drought leading to poor productivity and abandoned farmlands
Summary
Coffee is a tropical tree crop belonging to the Rubiaceae family and genus Coffea, which is one of the largest tropical plant families. Coffee species are woody, ranging from shrubs to small tree sizes but the characters of coffee species differ from one another [5] Some drop their leaves at the start of the dry season, while others keep them for three years or more. Coffee is cultivated in 80 countries in the world, exported by more than 50 countries in Central and South America, Africa and Asia [13] and functions as a means of generating foreign exchange earnings [14] It has created several million jobs in many producing countries where more than nine million tons of green beans are produced annually [15]. The decline in production is attributed to; lack of capacity to generate technical knowledge on high-yielding diseases resistant varieties and drought, climate change, aging coffee trees, poor agronomic practices due to weak extension service, dropping in the global market of coffee among others [22]. A desk research methodology was employed using statistical data and past research papers
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