Production, Purification, and Application of the Microbial Enzymes

Abstract

Microbial enzymes are fascinating biocatalysts that have received a lot of consideration due to their assistances over chemical catalysts, such as higher selectivity and the ability to operate under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, some industrial sectors demand enzymes with unique properties for use in the processing of raw materials and different substrates. Enzymes, because of their tremendous specificity, have the potential to change the whole industrial sector. All living organisms require enzymes as biocatalysts for both synthesis and degradation processes. Because of these biocatalysts, many chemically toxic reactions have been replaced by environmentally favorable biological activities. Enzyme technology is advancing rapidly. Novel enzymes with a wide range of uses and specificity have been discovered as technology has advanced, and new application areas are continually being researched. Microorganisms, such as yeast, bacteria, and fungi, as well as their enzymes, find applications in many arenas, such as chemicals, agriculture, fermentation, pharmaceuticals, and food production. Microbial enzymes have procured huge attention for their extensive uses in medicine and industries due to their catalytic activity, stability, and easier production and optimization/standardization than animal and plant enzymes. The commercial manufacturing of enzymes has been established with the use of advanced technologies. The demand for enzymes has lately increased due to an increase in the number of goods available in response to expanding markets. Due to considerable improvements in bioprocess technology, industrial enzyme manufacturing technology has seen tremendous success in recent years. With the advent of genetic engineering and protein engineering, enzymes with desired characteristics and better functionality might be produced. Due to the increasing role of microbial enzymes in regulating various industrially important chemical reactions, this chapter is an attempt to provide an overview of industrial microbial enzyme production, formulation, purification, and their commercial applications.