Abstract
Agricultural lands for the production of forage crops in the area of Tuzla canton are limited. The settlement needs in the cattle feed of each area and climate zone used types and varieties that tolerate restrictions on land and climate. The settlement needs in the voluminous feed used types and varieties of forage crops in pure culture and in mixtures. In our area are not sufficiently advanced species, and in particular mixtures of legumes (vetch and fodder peas) with grains the settlement needs in quality voluminous fodder (green, silage, hay), although there are very favorable conditions. For this purpose, to find existing and new production technologies that will be more rational, more acceptable and economically justifiable. Aim of this study was to determine the yield of vetch and fodder pea with oats for use as silage in the macro experiment to determine optimum production technology for settlements the needs of the quality voluminous fodder for dairy farms. Pilot production is set to two most significant localities for the production of milk in the Tuzla Canton, Gradacac and Tuzla. Research was conducted through field trials in cooperation with agricultural farms engaged in milk production. Field testing has found that the conditions of production with the use of appropriate cultural practices vetch and fodder peas mixed with oats satisfy the conditions of production and give very high yields of green mass of 29,12-36,87 tons per hectare.
Highlights
Annual fodder legumes are suitable for cultivation in order to produce animal feed in different ways, thanks to their diversity, growth dynamics, maturing for use in a wide range of their adaptation to climate and soil
In our area are not sufficiently advanced species, and in particular mixtures of legumes with grains the settlement needs in quality voluminous fodder, there are very favorable conditions
In the complex of intensifying livestock production, the solution should be sought in high-yielding crops, good quality, short vegetation, which fit into the system of continuous fodder production and meet the requirements of profitable forage crops [2]
Summary
Annual fodder legumes are suitable for cultivation in order to produce animal feed in different ways, thanks to their diversity, growth dynamics, maturing for use in a wide range of their adaptation to climate and soil. Legumes after removal in the soil leave a few tons of degradable root mass and stubble per hectare which enriches the soil with organic matter, rich in nitrogen (N) This expands the crop rotation, prevents the spread of certain diseases and pests, especially weeds, prevents soil fatigue, and most importantly allows continuous use of legumes in a mixture with cereals for feeding dairy cows in the form of green fodder, silage or as a concentrate (grain) [12]. The yield of the crop increases, soil structure improves, soil organic matter increases, nutrient leaching is prevented, soil microbiological activity is improved, diseases, pests and weeds are controlled [16] In such mixtures weeds are less of a problem than in pure cereal crops, so protection from weeds is usually not needed, such combined crops do not require nitrogen fertilization for high feed yields, and the occurrence of diseases and pests is lower, which often eliminates the need for protection measures plants [17]. Both in terms of yield and quality, and in the system of protection of the agro ecological system, annual forage plants are grown in agro-ecological conditions of Tuzla Canton and the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina on relatively small areas
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