Production outsourcing, technological cooperation and E-business adoption by Spanish manufacturing firms

Abstract

This paper studies the adoption of e-business by manufacturing firms. We augment the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework to consider two organizational features, namely, production outsourcing and technological cooperation. We test the model on a longitudinal sample of Spanish firms covering the period 2002–2014. The results reveal that firms that outsource production are more likely to adopt Supplier-to-Business (S2B) and Business-to-Business (B2B). Technological cooperation with customers and suppliers also has a positive impact on S2B and B2B adoption.