Abstract
ABSTRACT Emulsions composed of sub-micrometer size droplets were obtained by a high-pressure wet-type jet mill. Liquid paraffin as dispersed phase, aqueous sucrose solution as continuous phase, and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate as emulsifying agent were used as the model emulsification system. Droplet size distribution, Sauter mean diameter (d 32), geometric standard deviation of the droplet size distribution (σg), and emulsion viscosity (ηe) were investigated under the various combinations of process variables: dispersed phase volume fraction (Φ), dispersed phase viscosity (ηd), continuous phase viscosity (ηc), processing pressure, and number of passages through the wet-type jet mil. d 32 and σg were correlated with the process variables. For the entire experimental range, maximum droplet diameter was varied with d 32 in the range of 1.7–1.9-fold, and a correlation was proposed with K (=ηd/ηc) as a variable. Above a marginal value of d 32, at Φ ≥ 0.1, emulsions exhibited Newtonian behavior and could be described well by the Yaron and Gal-Or model. Below the marginal values, emulsions strongly depended on d 32 and exhibited a shear-thinning behavior. The relation between ηe and d 32 for such emulsions was modeled by use of particle Reynolds number.
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