Production of some benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in Papaver armeniacum L. hairy root cultures elicited with salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate

Abstract

Papaver armeniacum hairy roots were induced by four Rhizobium rhizogenes strains on three explants (shoot, root, and hypocotyl). Also, the effects of two concentrations (100 and 200 μM) of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA) were assessed on productions of papaverine, noscapine, thebaine, morphine, and codeine and expression of some related genes (TYDC, DBOX, BBE, SalAT, T6ODM, and COR) in P. armeniacum L. hairy root culture at 24 and 48 h after elicitation. R. rhizogenes strain C58C1 induced the highest hairy root rate on hypocotyl explant. Application of 100 μM MJ resulted in the highest contents of thebaine, codeine, and morphine by enhancing the expression of SalAT, COR, and T6ODM genes, respectively, while application of 100 μM SA resulted in the highest contents of papaverine and noscapine by upregulating DBOX and BBE genes, respectively. 100 μM MJ can be used as an effective elicitor in P. armeniacum hairy root culture to increase studied morphinan alkaloids. Also, SA can be suggested for enhancing papaverine and noscapine contents in P. armeniacum hairy root culture. It may be due to that there is a SA- and MJ-signaling crosstalk, which results in reciprocal antagonism between SA and MJ signaling pathways. The effects of MJ and SA elicitors on benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) production were level-dependent.