Abstract
Mature black Spear grass ( Heteropogon contortus ) was hydrolyzed using different concentrations of dilute sulphuric acid for the first time as lignocellulosic substrate for producing reducing sugars at different pH and retention time. The maximum total reducing sugar (TRS) from Spear grass hydrolysate (SGH) was 2.48g/L using 6% H 2 SO 4 at 121 o C for 4h with higher amount of xylose than glucose and arabinose. BC yield was comparable to those from reported lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The result of the study proved that mature back spear grass, commonly known as tanglehead, which is less useful as fooder due to lower nutrient, clogs animal furs and, sticks to human walker’s clothes, can be hydrolyzed with little cost to produce fermentable sugars used as substrates for producing such biotechnological products as, biofuels, biogas, and bacterial cellulose. Keywords : Reducing sugar, Spear grass hydrolysate, pH, Gluconacetobacter xylinus
Highlights
Lignocelluloses are present in biomass or non-food crops and comprise hemicelluloses, cellulose (C) and lignin (L)
Statistical Analysis: Data obtained were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson Correlation analysis was carried out to determine how the amount of total reducing sugar in Spear grass hydrolysate (SGH) varied with the concentration of the sulphuric acid used and time of hydrolytic reaction
Amount of Lignocelluloses and Reducing Sugar in Spear grass Hydrolysate: Amount of lignocelluloses in SGH (%), total reducing sugar (TRS) and individual sugars are given in Figures 2 and 4 respectively
Summary
Collection and Preparation of Spear grass hydrolysate: Mature Spear grass (SG) (Figure 1) was harvested from a farm along Omoku-Ahoada road, Omoku. 3ml of DNS reagent (Lab M, India) was added to 3.0ml SGH in 250ml conical flask and heated over water bath at 90oC for 19 minutes for the development of reddish brown colour. 1.0 ml of Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartarate) solution prepared by dissolving 4.0g in 100ml of de-ionized water was added to the flask, cooled to room temperature and the optical density read at 540 nm with a Colorimeter (Model 5051, Jenway Ltd) after calibration with standard solutions of the sugars detected using different concentrations of 0.1.- 1.0%. Statistical Analysis: Data obtained were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson Correlation analysis was carried out to determine how the amount of total reducing sugar in SGH varied with the concentration of the sulphuric acid used and time of hydrolytic reaction.
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