Abstract
The accelerator production of platinum isotopes was investigated at the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BLIP). In this study high purity natural platinum foils were irradiated at 53.2, 65.7, 105.2, 151.9, 162.9 and 173.3.MeV. The irradiated foils were digested in aqua regia and then converted to their hydrochloride salt with concentrated hydrochloric acid before analyzing by gamma spectrometry periodically for at least 10 days post end of bombardment. A wide range of platinum (Pt), gold (Au) and iridium (Ir) isotopes were identified. Effective cross sections at BLIP for Pt-188, Pt-189, Pt-191 and Pt-195m were compared to literature and theoretical cross sections determined using Empire-3.2. The majority of the effective cross sections (<70 MeV) confirm those reported in the literature. While the absolute values of the theoretical cross sections were up to a factor of 3 lower, Empire 3.2 modeled thresholds and maxima correlated well with experimental values. Preliminary evaluation into a rapid separation of Pt isotopes from high levels of Ir and Au isotopes proved to be a promising approach for large scale production. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that with the use of isotopically enriched target material accelerator production of selected platinum isotopes is feasible over a wide proton energy range.
Highlights
50% of cancer patients receive platinum agents
Radiolabelled analogues of chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin can be used as theranostic agents which combine diagnostic and therapeutic functions into a single pharmaceutical
The present study examines the accelerator production of platinum isotopes across a range of proton energies and the predictive strength of the nuclear modeling code Empire-3.2 to assist in focusing research and production efforts [10]
Summary
50% of cancer patients receive platinum agents They are used to treat a wide range of cancers alone and or in combination with other chemotherapeutic or biological agents such as antibodies. The present study examines the accelerator production of platinum isotopes across a range of proton energies and the predictive strength of the nuclear modeling code Empire-3.2 to assist in focusing research and production efforts [10]. It reports a preliminary investigation into chemistry to isolate the Pt isotopes from large quantities of contaminating co-produced Ir and Au isotopes. The data will be used to determine commercially viable approaches (including choice of enriched target materials) to large-scale accelerator production of 191Pt, 195mPt, 188Pt and 189Pt at high proton energies
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