Abstract
The Streptomyces produce a great diversity of specialized metabolites, including highly volatile compounds with potential biological activities. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by nine Streptomyces spp., some of which are of industrial importance, were collected and identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) present in the genomes of the respective Streptomyces spp. were also predicted to match them with the VOCs detected. Overall, 33 specific VOCs were identified, of which the production of 16 has not been previously reported in the Streptomyces. Among chemical classes, the most abundant VOCs were terpenes, which is consistent with predicted biosynthetic capabilities. In addition, 27 of the identified VOCs were plant-associated, demonstrating that some Streptomyces spp. can also produce such molecules. It is possible that some of the VOCs detected in the current study have roles in the interaction of Streptomyces with plants and other higher organisms, which might provide opportunities for their application in agriculture or industry.
Highlights
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are small odorous molecules with low molecular mass (100–500 Daltons), high vapor pressure, low boiling point and a lipophilic moiety [1]
VOCs are biosynthetically produced in plants [2], animals [3], humans [4], fungi [5] and bacteria [6], where they act as information-carrying signals between individuals, modulating intra-species or inter-species interactions [7,8,9]
Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the composition of VOCs being released from control and media inoculated with different Streptomyces spp
Summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are small odorous molecules (up to C20) with low molecular mass (100–500 Daltons), high vapor pressure, low boiling point and a lipophilic moiety [1]. Many members from the genus share similar core genomes, which comprise genes necessary for the normal growth and reproduction of a species [28] In comparison, they differ from each other in their specialized metabolic capabilities, which often includes groups of genes residing in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) [29]. TMA triggers S. venezuelae explorative growth, which enables it to rapidly move over solid surfaces [35] Another example of Streptomyces intraspecies signalling involves two common VOCs, namely geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), which are known for their strong, earthy odor. We obtained a snapshot of the volatile production capabilities of the respective Streptomyces spp., and some of our major findings are discussed below
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