Abstract
The activity of oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes of the edible and medicinal white rot fungi Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff.) Gray mushroom was observed during mycelia growth and fruiting body development in solid substrate fermentation using sisal waste fractions amended with cow dung manure as supplement. Laccase had the highest titre value among the five detected enzymes. Its activity was higher during mycelia growth compared to fruiting phase, with 10% supplemented substrate formulation unmixed sisal leaf decortication residues [abbreviated SL : SB (100 : 0)] displaying the highest activity of 39.45 ± 12.05 Ug−1. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) exhibited a characteristic wave-like pattern with the highest peaks found either during full mycelia colonization or soon after first flush harvest; the highest activity of 1.93 ± 0.62 Ug−1 was observed on unsupplemented SL : SB (100 : 0) substrate formulation during mycelia colonization. For hydrolytic enzymes, the highest carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity of 2.03 ± 0.70 Ug−1 was observed on 20% supplemented SL : SB (0 : 100) after first flush; that of pectinase (1.90 ± 0.32 Ug−1) was revealed after third flush on 10% supplemented SL : SB (0 : 100) substrate formulation while 10% supplemented SL : SB (25 : 75) exhibited the highest xylanase activity (1.23 ± 0.12 Ug−1) after first flush. These findings show that the activities of both oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes were regulated in line with developmental phase of growth of Coprinus cinereus.
Highlights
Enormous quantities of organic wastes from agricultural and food processing industries which are lignocellulosic in nature are generated annually [1]
The first well visible signs of fungal growth in solid state fermentation were seen two days after inoculation with Coprinus cinereus while the total vegetative growth on solid sisal waste fractions took an average of about 10 ± 2 days regardless of the supplementation rate used
The present study revealed that the efficient colonization and utilization by C. cinereus varied among solid sisal waste formulations with or without addition of supplement, which depended upon the ability of this fungus to produce extracellular enzymes required to degrade major components of the sisal waste biomass
Summary
Enormous quantities of organic wastes from agricultural and food processing industries which are lignocellulosic in nature are generated annually [1]. Utilization of insoluble lignocellulosic substrates by these fungi depends on their capability to synthesize the relevant hydrolytic (cellulases and hemicellulases) and oxidative (ligninolytic) extracellular enzymes [6]. These are responsible for the degradation of substrate major components, that is, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, into low molecular weight compounds that can be assimilated for fungal nutrition [7]. Production of these enzymes by the fungal mycelium is a crucial part of the colonization process and an important determinant of mushroom growth, development, and yields [8, 9]. It is important to evaluate basidiomycetes hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes activity while cultivating in the presence of lignocellulose since in lignified plant substrates cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin are linked intra- and intermolecularly [6]
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