Production of olefinic diesel, lubricants, and propylene

Abstract

HEU-1 zeolites with different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (60–530) were in-situ synthesized and systematically evaluated in n-hexane catalytic cracking reaction. The influencing factors including SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, weight hourly space velocity and reaction temperature were investigated to optimize the light olefin yield, especially propylene. Compared to HZSM-48 and HZSM-5 zeolites with similar SiO2/Al2O3 ratios, HEU-1-300 (SiO2/Al2O3 = ca. 300), for example, displays much higher yield of ethylene plus propylene than HZSM-48 and comparable with HZSM-5. Furthermore, the propylene yield (35.6%) on it is higher than HZSM-5 by 9.0 percentage points, thus leading to higher propylene/ethylene ratio of 2.1. This excellent cracking performance of HEU-1-300 is ascribed to the combination of its moderate Brönsted acidity, due to the optimal SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, and unique framework topology. Moreover, both HEU-1 and HZSM-48 zeolites present much lower aromatics selectivity in the gas effluent than HZSM-5. For HEU-1 zeolite, it displays significant product shape selectivity due to its confined channel system, even though the large void space favors the formation of large intermediate species or aromatics precursors, while there is transition state shape selectivity for HZSM-48 structure which possesses no enough void space available to accommodate the large and complex hydrocarbons. HEU-1 topological structure also has pronounced effect on the formation and oxidation of coke deposition.