Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the yield and composition of dual-purpose wheat pasture BRS Tarumã managed with various urea nitrogen (N) doses and validate an exponential model and compare nutrient production costs. The completely randomized design had four replications per treatment (0, 150, 250, 350, and 450 kg N ha-1). For the 350 and 450 kg ha-1 treatments, the cycle was 212 d whereas that of the control was 167 d. The control accumulated 1,771 kg ha-1 dry matter. In contrast, the 450 kg ha-1 treatment accumulated 7,011 kg ha-1 DM. Topdressing nitrogen (150, 250, 350, and 450 kg ha-1) increased the traditional average daily accumulation rate by 586% relative to the control. However, the degree-days method determined a daily accumulation rate 652% higher than the control. The levels of dry matter and other nutrients in BRS Tarumã wheat pasture were influenced by the doses of nitrogen in the topdressing under the same environmental conditions (temperature and rainfall). An exponential model explained the dynamics of nutrient accumulation and was based on the thermal sum of each nitrogen dose impacting the cost per kilogram of pasture produced.
Highlights
Dual-purpose winter cereal cultivation has increased over the past two decades in Southern Brazil in response to the cultivars developed by the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) and other public and private companies
The objectives of this study were to evaluate nutrient production in dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum) BRS Tarumã managed with various urea nitrogen doses (0, 150, 250, 350, and 450 kg N ha-1) under the same temperature and rainfall conditions, validate the efficacy of an exponential growth model, explain nutrient accumulation rates based on the thermal sum, and compare nutrient production costs
The present study showed that the strategic use of topdressing nitrogen fertilization increases plant nutrient yields exponentially compared to those obtained with nitrogen-free topdressing
Summary
Dual-purpose winter cereal cultivation has increased over the past two decades in Southern Brazil in response to the cultivars developed by the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) and other public and private companies. Several studies (Fontaneli et al 2009, Meinerz et al 2011, 2012, Santos et al 2011, 2015, Lehmen et al 2014) have been conducted in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in which several dual-purpose winter cereal species developed by EMBRAPA (Avena sativa L.; Avena strigosa L.; Hordeum vulgare L.; Secale cereale L.; Triticum aestivum L.; x Triticosecale Wittmack) have been evaluated. Dual-purpose wheat has been used for raising beef cattle (Bartmeyer et al 2011) and producing milk with a subsequent grain harvest (Henz et al 2016a). Dual-purpose wheat BRS Tarumã pasture was managed with 130 kg N ha-1
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