Abstract
A photoinjector, PHIN (PHotoINjector), has been realized at CERN by a joint effort of several institutes within the European Coordinated Accelerator Research in Europe program. The test facility has been installed and commissioned at CERN with the aim to demonstrate the beam parameters needed for the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3). This beam is unique with respect to its long bunch train and high average charge per bunch requirements. The nominal beam for CTF3 consists of 1908 bunches each having a 2.33 nC charge and a bunch frequency of 1.5 GHz. Thus, a total charge of similar to 4.4 mu C has to be extracted and accelerated. The stability of the intensity and the beam parameters along this exceptionally high average current train is crucial for the correct functioning of the CLIC drive beam scheme. Consequently, extensive time-resolved measurements of the transverse and longitudinal beam parameters have been developed, optimized, and performed. The shot-to-shot intensity stability has been studied in detail for the electron and the laser beams, simultaneously. The PHIN photoinjector has been commissioned between 2008 and 2010 during intermittent operations. This paper reports on the obtained results in order to demonstrate the feasibility and the stability of the required beam parameters.
Highlights
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) study proposes a multi-TeV, high luminosity, electron-positron linear collider in order to fulfill the current desire for a lepton collider [1,2]
The PHIN photoinjector was shown to be an adequate candidate for the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3) drive beam electron source
The systems developed within the activity are versatile and can be used at the CLIC parameters in the future, conditionally on the demonstration of the average current for the nominal bunch train length
Summary
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) study proposes a multi-TeV, high luminosity, electron-positron linear collider in order to fulfill the current desire for a lepton collider [1,2]. Because of the drive beam time structure specifications, the injector should generate a beam with empty rf buckets within successive bunches This has been provided by using subharmonic bunchers. A percentage of electrons (4%–5%) is trapped in the empty buckets and form the so-called ‘‘satellite bunches’’ in between the ‘‘main bunches’’ due to the subharmonic bunching system This unwanted parasitic charge has to be removed by means of the magnetic chicanes or rf deflectors to prevent the degradation in power generation. A photoinjector is an electron source that uses laser induced photoemission of electrons from the surface of a metallic or a semiconductor cathode It provides a compact, high charge, low emittance electron beam. The production of the parasitic charge is not an issue for photoinjectors
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