Abstract
Steel production is the most dynamic industry and one of the key sectors for the development of the global economy. The growing production of iron ore increases the need for its beneficiation and granulating for subsequent use in the production of iron and steel. As a result, the number of CO2 emissions and harmful substances increases, which negatively affects both society and the environment. It is important to study the use of biomass for the production of iron ore pellets. Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable and sustainable source of heat and energy that can mitigate climate change. The efficiency of using sunflower husks on the combined machine “straight grate - rotary kiln - annular cooler” to partially replace natural gas in the production of iron ore pellets has been studied. The influences of alternative fuel use on technological indicators of the process and quality of iron ore pellets have been analyzed. It was found that the combustion of sunflower husks generates enough heat to obtain iron ore pellets with good strength. The main indicators of the quality of iron ore pellets remain at the same level as the iron ore pellet quality when using natural gas.
Highlights
Global crude steel production was 486.9 Mt in the first three months of 2021, up by 10.0% compared to the same period in 2020
Iron ore pellet production consists of granulation processes, when iron ore is first crushed into powder, mixed with an additive and a binder, pelletized into green pellets with the sizes 9-15 mm in diameter
Two ways were compared to determine the impact of natural gas substitution technology implementation with sunflower husks, namely when the production lines operated only on natural gas and when sunflower husks were used together with natural gas
Summary
Global crude steel production was 486.9 Mt in the first three months of 2021, up by 10.0% compared to the same period in 2020. Industrial iron ore pellets are obtained by hightemperature processing in the induration machine. The most widely used industrial pellets induration processes are straight grate and grate kiln. The production of iron ore pellets in the world is about 60% for straight grate and 40% for grate-kiln. Both schemes are used to produce high-quality pellets for blast furnaces and direct reduced iron processes. Considering the climate targets, the use of hydrogen for ironmaking has gained increased attention In this regard, the HYBRIT project (Hydrogen Breakthrough Ironmaking Technology) is encouraging and aims to replace the coke traditionally used in iron ore-based steelmaking with hydrogen [18]. It has been found that replacing fossil fuels with biofuel for the straight grate is problematic due to a change in the temperature
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