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Abstract
Intergeneric hybrids between non-heading Chinese cabbage (<em>Brassica campestris</em> ssp. <em>chinensis</em> Makino; 2n = 4x = 40) and radish (<em>Raphanus sativus</em> L.; 2n = 4x = 36) were obtained through ovary culture and embryo rescue. Some hybrid embryos (0.11 per ovary) were produced, but only 4 of them germinated. As most hybrid embryos failed to develop into plantlets directly, plants were regenerated by inducing shoots on the cultured cotyledon and inducing roots on the root induction medium. All hybrid plants were morphologically uniform. They resembled the non-heading Chinese cabbage in the long-lived habit, the plant status, the vernalization requirement and the petiole color, while the petiole shape, leaf venation pattern and flowers were more similar to those of radish. Upon examination of the flowers, these were found to have normal pistil, but rudimentary anthers with non-functional pollen grains. The somatic chromosome number of F1 plants was 38. Analysis of SSR banding patterns provided additional confirmation of hybridity.
Highlights
It is estimated that 47% of all flowering plants and 95% of all pteridophytes are polyploids and that the majority of these are allopolyploids [1,2], which is a widespread and major force of evolution in plants [3]
The results showed that the chromosome number of all plants tested was 38 (Fig. 1g), indicating that these regenerated plants were all true hybrids of B. campestris (2n = 4x = 40) ×R. sativus (2n = 4x = 36)
The present paper describes the production of a new allotetraploid by intergeneric hybridization between autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino) and autotetraploid radish (Raphanus sativus L.) through ovary culture and embryo rescue
Summary
It is estimated that 47% of all flowering plants and 95% of all pteridophytes are polyploids and that the majority of these are allopolyploids [1,2], which is a widespread and major force of evolution in plants [3]. Allopolyploidy is often accompanied by major structural, cytogenetic, epigenetic and functional changes to the genome, leading to new phenotypes and to reproductive isolation [4,5]. The permanent heterozygosity fixation of the allopolyploid [6] has the potential to offer a substantial heterozygote advantage Despite these potential benefits, allopolyploid is an enormous challenge with the orchestration of gene expression, DNA replication, and chromosome pairing. Allopolyploid is an enormous challenge with the orchestration of gene expression, DNA replication, and chromosome pairing For these reasons, investigation of allopolyploids is very important. The newly synthesized allopolyploid is an ideal model system since it can offer an opportunity to study the response to this genomic change from defined parents
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