Abstract
Industrial enzymes have been widely preferred in various industries such as chemical production, food & beverage, pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetics, etc. due to the advancements in recent years. They are considered more economic than using whole cells and more environmental-friendly than chemical alternatives. Since the demand for industrial enzymes has been rising, the development of production strategies has been gathered speed. In this respect, the efficiency of Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) as a host for heterologous protein expression has proved and gained attention due to its great potential for large-scale studies. Especially high-cell density fermentation of P. pastoris is a well-studied and efficient method. Moreover, the improvements in the state of art gene-editing tools have broadened the possibilities of strain improvement for P. pastoris. This review summarized the role of P. pastoris as a cell factory by accentuating the accomplishments in biocatalyst production. Moreover, the benefits and challenges of the most relevant expression systems named Escherichia coli (E. coli), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), P. pastoris and recent evolvements and future directions were revealed in detail. Subsequently, offers for prospects and the latest evolvements to enhance the recombinant protein production were discussed.
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