Abstract
AbstractHydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an important thermochemical process where biomass is converted into coal‐like solid products known as hydrochars. The HTC process is performed in hot‐compressed water under self‐generated pressures. In this work, the HTC of acorn shells was conducted at various temperatures and reaction times with and without boric acid (H3BO3). A high degree of carbonization occurred at 250 °C in non‐catalytic and catalytic 4‐h runs. Hydrochars obtained from non‐catalytic and catalytic runs at 250 °C consisted of spherically carbon particles with diameters ranging from 303 nm to 3.27 μm. Carbon spheres at 200 and 225 °C for 2 h were not observed. The yield and carbon content of the hydrochars were slightly increased by reuse of the process water in thermal runs without catalysts.
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